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June 15, 2011

Court directs the reopening of the disciplinary hearing after finding that a key witness recanted the testimony he gave at the hearing

Court directs the reopening of the disciplinary hearing after finding that a key witness recanted the testimony he gave at the hearing
Matter of Alarcon v Board of Educ. of S. Orangetown Cent. School Dist., 2011 NY Slip Op 05055, Appellate Division, Second Department

The Board of Education of the South Orangetown Central School District adopted the findings and recommendation of the disciplinary hearing officer who found Marco Alarcon guilty of certain charges of misconduct and incompetence, and terminated Alarcon's employment. 

Alarcon appealed and the Appellate Division annulled the Board’s determination on the law and remitted the matter to the Board “for a hearing at which the evidence of recantation of testimony by witness” against Alarcon is to be received and considered and a new determination made.

The Appellate Division found that the hearing officer's recommendation was largely based upon the testimony of the eyewitness, one Ramon Reyes, who, after testifying, but prior to the issuance of the hearing officer's report and recommendation, recanted his testimony.

Reyes alleged, in a sworn affidavit, that the testimony he had given at the disciplinary hearing was false and that he gave such false testimony because his supervisor directed him to lie.

The court said that under the circumstances Alarcon should be given the opportunity to recall Reyes to testify and directed that the Board receive “this newly discovered evidence” and make a new determination thereafter.

The decision is posted on the Internet at:
http://www.courts.state.ny.us/reporter/3dseries/2011/2011_05055.htm

Limitations on collective bargaining under the Taylor Law

Limitations on collective bargaining under the Taylor Law
City of New York v Uniformed Fire Officers Asso. App. Div., First Dept., 263 AD2d 3, Affirmed, 95 NY2d 273

Sometimes an investigation into criminal activities by a governmental agency is claimed to have violated the rights of employees in a negotiating unit set out in a collective bargaining agreement. Do the employee's rights under negotiated agreement's provisions trump the procedures being employed by the investigating body?

This was one of the critical issues in the Uniformed Fire Officers Association case. The conclusion of the Appellate Division: parties to a collective bargaining agreement may not limit the powers or authority vested in a governmental agency not a party to the agreement.

The other significant issue: which is the employer for the purposes of negotiating and administering a collective bargaining agreement with a city department -- the city or its constituent department? Here the Appellate Division concluded that the City of New York was not the employer insofar as a collective bargaining agreement between a union and the New York City Fire Department was concerned.

New York City's Department of Investigation (DOI) was conducting criminal investigations involving New York City Fire Department personnel. One investigation focused on allegations that firefighters had attempted to obtain greater pension benefits by falsely claiming that he or she had suffered a disabling injury while on duty.

According to the opinion of the Appellate Division, the alleged “scheme” involved one firefighter calling in a false alarm to give a second firefighter, who had suffered an injury that was not work related, an opportunity to claim that the injury was, in fact, sustained while he or she was responding to the alarm.

DOI's investigation included interviewing members of Uniformed Fire Officers Association, Local 854 [union], who were questioned pursuant to subpoena. The union filed a grievance contending that DOI had violated terms and conditions of its collective bargaining agreement with the New York Fire Department. It demanded arbitration, contending that the interviews with its members were conducted in violation of the employee rights under its Taylor Law contract.

The union's theory ran as follows:

DOI was a City agency. Since the City was the employer, DOI was bound by the terms of the collective bargaining agreement it had negotiated with the City's Fire Department.

The union charged that DOI investigators violated the collective bargaining agreement when it did not provide its members with the contractual protections it had negotiated such as:

1. Giving the unit member prior written notice of the matter being investigated;

2. Providing unit members with the statement of “Miranda” type rights set out in the Taylor Law contract;

3. Although the unit member could be represented by an attorney, he or she was not permitted to have a union representative present; and

4. The unit members were not given “use immunity” with respect to any information DOI obtained in a subsequent criminal proceedings.

The City contested the arbitrability of the dispute before the City's Office of Collective Bargaining [OCB], arguing that it never agreed to arbitrate the procedures used by DOI. OCB was not persuaded and issued a determination, Decision No. 46-97, holding that the dispute was arbitrable.

The City objected and filed a petition in State Supreme Court seeking to have OCB's determination annulled. It contended that:

1. A collective bargaining agreement cannot, as a matter of public policy, supplant or impair DOI's investigatory procedures; and
2. Public policy considerations prohibit the negotiation of the DOI's criminal investigation procedures.

Justice Harold Tompkins agreed and vacated OCB's order. The union appealed.

The Appellate Division commenced its review by noting that “[n]ormally, a party to a valid arbitration agreement is required to submit to arbitration and to defer any challenge to the proceeding until an award is rendered, either by way of an application to vacate the award or in opposition to an application to confirm the award.”

Where, however, a statute, court rulings or public policy considerations preclude arbitration, the question of whether the dispute is within the scope of the arbitration provision is not reached.

Here, said the court, public policy and decisional law prohibit any interference with the authority of DOI to require a public employee to answer questions regarding activities that bear upon the performance of his or her official actions.

Accordingly, the extent to which provisions of a collective bargaining agreement apply to interviews conducted by the DOI is not an issue that may be submitted to arbitration.

The Appellate Division said that the union's theory that the City of New York was the “employer” insofar as its bargaining agreement with the Fire Department was concerned was incorrect.

According to the decision “while the Fire Department may bargain away certain of its own management prerogatives in reaching a labor accord with the Uniformed Fire Officers Association, it has no power to defeat or impair rights conferred upon another City agency by statute.”

In other words, the Fire Department, rather than the City of New York, was the “employer” for the purposes of negotiating and enforcing the collective bargaining agreement under the Taylor Law.

The union conceded that the employee rights provision of its labor contract should not be read to restrict investigations into the activities of union members that are conducted by the New York City Police Department, another City agency.

According to the Appellate Division's decision, Section 803(b) of the City Charter assigns broad duties to DOI to investigate “the affairs, functions, accounts, methods, personnel or efficiency of any agency.”

The court said that adopting the union's position would impermissibly compromise DOI's authority by limiting its examination of witnesses by the terms of the collective bargaining agreement between the union and the Fire Department.

The Appellate Division concluded that because DOI's prerogative to employ such investigative procedures as it deems appropriate may not be bargained away, there is no reason to submit to arbitration the question of whether the employee rights provisions of the union's collective bargaining agreement are binding upon the DOI.

The court affirmed Justice Tompkins' order annulling OCB determination directing the union and the City arbitrate their dispute over whether their collective bargaining agreement governs the DOI's investigatory procedures.

When the appeal reached the Court of Appeals, it sustained the Appellate Division’s determination.

June 14, 2011

Filing a notice of claim as required by law a condition precedent to maintaining the lawsuit


Filing a notice of claim as required by law a condition precedent to maintaining the lawsuit
McKie v LaGuardia Community College/CUNY, 2011 NY Slip Op 04755, Appellate Division, First Department

In this employment discrimination action, Supreme Court dismissed Shirley A. Zuri McKie, finding that she had failed to file a notice of claim within 90 days of the events giving rise to the lawsuit she had filed against LaGuardia Community College and the City University of New York as required by Education Law § 6224[1],[2].

The Appellate Division affirmed the lower court’s ruling, holding that contrary to McKie’s contention to the contrary, the requirement of filing a notice of claim within 90 days as a condition precedent to bringing suit against a community college of the City University of New York and applies to all claims asserted against such community college, not just tort and wrongful death claims.”

In addition, the court rejected McKie’s claim that Education Law §6224 violates the Equal Protection Clause of the New York State Constitution “because it affords less protection to employees of junior colleges than it does to similarly situated employees of senior colleges.”

The Appellate Division noted that similar constitutional challenges have been rejected in prior cases, citing Guarrera v Lee Mem. Hosp., 51 AD2d 867, Leave to appeal denied, 39 NY2d 942. In this instance, said the court, it was not persuaded that the two classes of employees at issue here are similarly situated, or that the distinctions drawn between employees of junior colleges and those of senior colleges are not rationally based.

The decision is posted on the Internet at: 
http://www.courts.state.ny.us/reporter/3dseries/2011/2011_04755.htm

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