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May 08, 2013

Strange Bedfellows – How the Commissioner’s Edict on “Quiet Agreements” Aligned Teachers’ Unions and School Districts

Source:  NYMUNIBLOG - http://nymuniblog.com/?author=1 - Published by Harris Beach PLLC as a public service. Reproduced with permission. Copyright ©2013 -  All rights reserved.

"The New York State Education Department has managed to create quite a hullabaloo with its April 26, 2013* memo to school district and BOCES superintendents declaring void all “quiet agreements” between districts and their teachers’ unions that mitigate the use of this year’s student assessments in teachers’ APPR growth scores, particularly when the resulting teacher rating is “ineffective.”  At the heart of the matter are the new Common Core student assessments that began this year, which in turn reflect on teachers’ APPR scores and performance ratings.  The Common Core Standards, which have the laudable goal of making our children better prepared for college and careers, concomitantly dramatically increases the rigor of student assessments.  Teachers unions and school districts expect that student assessment scores based on the new Common Core Standards will be significantly lower, at least for the first couple of years.  That has led to some districts and unions to negotiate what the Commissioner of Education calls “quiet agreements” outside the APPR plans they jointly submitted to SED. The agreements set forth how the student assessments will be mitigated as a factor in a teacher’s APPR rating for the first year of the new APPR implementation. In one such “quiet agreement” entered into between the Buffalo City School District and its teachers union on January 15, 2013, the District promised not to use the first year of an ineffective rating to base the needed two years of consecutive ineffective evaluations as grounds to bring formal disciplinary charges against a tenured teacher for termination.

"That agreement between the Buffalo City School District and its teachers apparently rankled SED and resulted in its April 26 memowhich states in part:

"As part of the signed certification in each APPR plan, each superintendent (or BOCES District Superintendent) and the presidents of the district’s or BOCES’ board of education and teachers’ and administrators’ union acknowledged that such plan is the sole plan for the APPR of all classroom teachers and principals in the district or BOCES. With respect to all approved APPR plans, the Department considers void any other signed agreements between and among those parties to the extent that such agreements conflict with the approved APPR plan and the requirements of Education Law § 3012-c and Subpart 30-2 of the Rules of the Board of Regents (“regulations”), and does not recognize any such agreements as part of any approved APPR plan. School districts and BOCES must implement the terms of their approved APPR plans consistent with the requirements of Education Law § 3012-c and the regulations. (emphasis added)

"In response to SED’s April 26 memo, the New York State United Teachers (NYSUT) union wrote a scathing letter to SED Commissioner John King on April 30, 2013, repudiating SED’s position that it has the authority to void agreements negotiated under the Taylor Law. In that letter, NYSUT President Richard C. Iannuzzi states:

"I am writing concerning Dr. Rafal-Baer’s April 26 memorandum to school and district superintendents.

"While SED has the authority to approve APPR plans, it has no authority, beyond that limited power, to void or to pass on the legality of any agreement negotiated under the Taylor Law. Further, SED has no authority to issue a general pronouncement about the validity of Taylor Law agreements it has not reviewed and has no legal authority to review. Accordingly, we have advised each of our locals that we will take every appropriate measure to enforce any Taylor Law agreement negotiated in good faith with its Board of Education. If a dispute arises over the legality of any such agreement, the issue will be decided by PERB or the courts, not by SED.  (emphasis added)

"Dr. Rafal-Baer’s memo is an unfortunate continuation of SED’s repeated attempts to undermine Education Law 3012-c’s collective bargaining provisions. NYSUT continues to support the proper implementation of the law, but will not allow the rights of educators to be abused or the voice of educators to be silenced by SED’s attempts to take away their collective bargaining rights.

"SED’s April 26 memo has created what some would view as strange bedfellows in that many, if not most, School Superintendent and BOCES District Superintendents would wholeheartedly agree with NYSUT on this issue.  Insofar as SED’s memo is concerned, the key word in its pronouncement that “the Department considers void any other signed agreements between and among those parties to the extent that such agreements conflict with the approved APPR plan . . . .”  is CONFLICT.  In order to meet their statutory and regulatory requirements to the Commissioner, school districts and BOCES need only confirm that the provisions of their APPR plan are being implemented as set forth and as approved by SED in accordance with Education Law Section 3012-c and Subpart 30-2 of the Commissioner's Regulations.  Any side agreement on when a district or BOCES will or will not pursue disciplinary action under the new amended Section 3020-a provisions are separate and apart from the APPR plan.  The agreements are really about Education Law Section 3020-a(3)(c)((i-a) and not 3012-c.  Under the Section 3020-a amendments, it remains in a district’s discretion, not that of SED, to file disciplinary charges at the local level to terminate a teacher.

"In a press release also issued on April 30, the Commissioner appeared to somewhat minimize the Department’s definitive position set forth in its April 26 memo. In that press release the Commissioner indicated that while he expected “… roughly the same percentage of teachers to be identified in each performance category (Ineffective, Developing, Effective, Highly Effective) this year as last year.  We have asked districts to be thoughtful in their use of the data from this first year of Common Core assessments when evaluating teacher performance and we have every confidence that they will be.”  The Commissioner has failed to define or even hint at his interpretation of “thoughtful” in this high stakes context.  (emphasis added)

"In a postscript to the Buffalo City School District’s “quiet agreement” with its union, The Buffalo News reported that with a $50 million state aide gun to its head, the Superintendent of the Buffalo City School District issued a written statement informing the teachers union that “The state Education Department has determined that the memorandum of understanding dated Jan. 15, 2013, between the Buffalo City School District and the Buffalo Teachers Federation is void.”  Her written statement further clarifies that “The district will proceed in accordance with the department’s determination.”  

"In response, the union issued its own statement saying, “As far as we’re concerned, the agreement that we reached stands, and we will take whatever action is necessary to enforce that agreement, because it was fair.” BTF President Philip Rumore further stated, “If there has to be a battle, so be it.”

"With these ongoing threats of legal challenges over testing, data and teacher evaluations as set forth by the Commissioner and quickly followed by the Teachers’ Unions – Let the Games Begin!"


====================

NYPPL notes that on April 26, 2013 Governor Andrew M. Cuomo issued the following statement:

"The State Education Department is correct in refusing to recognize any side deals between the Buffalo's teachers union and the school district. The suggested collusion was a borderline legal and ethical fraud on our students and the Buffalo superintendent was right to affirm that no side deals will be recognized. We promised the students’ performance - they deserve it and they will have it."

May 07, 2013

Educator must serve at least 40% of his or her workday in the tenure area in which he or she claims greater seniority than others in that tenure area for the purposes of layoff


Educator must serve at least 40% of his or her workday in the tenure area in which he or she claims greater seniority than others in that tenure area for the purposes of layoff
Decisions or the Commissioner of Education, Decision 16,480

The school board granted Teacher tenure in the special education tenure area, About two years later the school board adopted a resolution abolishing two special education positions in the special education tenure area and notified Teacher that, as he was one of the least senior persons in the special education tenure area, his services were being discontinued at the end of the school year and that he would be placed on a “preferred eligibility list.”

Teacher, claiming that he was improperly terminated in violation of Education Law §§2510 and 3013 and that he was more senior than five other teachers in the special education tenure area, filed an appeal with the Commissioner seeking an annulment of the district’s determination terminating his services and reinstatement as a full-time teacher of special education, with back pay and benefits.

The school district argued that Teacher [1] failed to meet his burden of demonstrating that he was not one of the least senior teachers in the special education tenure area and [2] that he is not entitled to seniority in the special education tenure area because he did not spend at least 40% of his workday teaching in the special education tenure area.

The Commissioner said that Education Law §3013(2) provides that when a board of education abolishes a position, “the services of the teacher having the least seniority in the system within the tenure [area] of the position abolished shall be discontinued.” Further, 8 NYCRR 30-1.1(f) [Rules of the Board of Regents] defines seniority as follows: “Seniority means length of service in a designated tenure area ....”

The significant issue in Teacher’s appeal was whether Teacher was one of the two least senior teachers in the special education tenure area. Noting that “In general, seniority may be accrued in a given tenure area only if the service of the educator in such area constitutes 40% or more of the total time spent in the performance of instructional duties (8 NYCRR §30-1.1 [f] and [g])"  the Commissioner ruled that Teacher "has not established that the work he performed was in the tenure area of special education."

Although Teacher did hold permanent certification in special education and was granted tenure in the special education tenure area, the record showed that Teacher never devoted at least 40% of his work time to instruction in special education. Rather, said the Commissioner, the record showed that Teacher’s assignment comprised one special education resource room class and alternative education classes in English, mathematics, social studies and global history.

In an appeal to the Commissioner, the petitioner has the burden of demonstrating a clear legal right to the relief requested and the burden of establishing the facts upon which he or she seeks relief. As Teacher failed to submit any lesson plans or any other evidence to demonstrate that he spent more than 40% of his time in the special education tenure area during any of relevant school years, the Commissioner found that Teacher “never served in the special education tenure area.”

Nor, said the Commissioner, does the prohibition contained in 8 NYCRR §30-1.9 against assigning a professional educator to devote a substantial portion of his or her time in a tenure area other than that in which he or she has acquired tenure without his or her consent apply to these facts as from the “inception of his employment by the Board Teacher never devoted a substantial portion of his time within the special education tenure area and therefore was not a professional educator entitled to the protection of 8 NYCRR §30-1.9."

The Commissioner said that he was “constrained to dismiss this appeal,” and noted that when Teacher commenced his employment with the district the board lacked the authority to offer him a tenured position as a special education teacher. He then took this opportunity to “remind [the] board of the need to follow all pertinent provisions of the Civil Service Law, Education Law §3014 and Part 30 of Rules of the Board of Regents.

The decision is posted on the Internet at:


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The positions of town board member and building administrator for the local housing authority held incompatible under the circumstances


The positions of town board member and building administrator for the local housing authority held incompatible under the circumstances
Informal Opinion of the Attorney General 2013-2

A town board member was hired as a building administrator by the housing authority board members and is currently is holding both positions. The town attorney asked the Attorney General for his views concerning this appointment.

Noting that the town board is vested with the power to appoint and to removal members of the housing authority board member, the Attorney General concluded that the positions of town board member and building administrator for the Authority were incompatible.

The Attorney General explained that the tenure of the members of the housing authority board depends on the determination of the town board. Accordingly, the housing authority board may be unable to impartially supervise its employee who also serves on the town board and thus wields a portion of the town board's appointment and removal power with respect to the housing authority board. Further, opined the Attorney General, “At the least, service as both a member of the town board and housing authority employee will create the appearance of impropriety, which should be avoided to maintain public confidence in the integrity of government.”

Additionally, the Attorney General said that the recusal of the housing authority employee from town board discussion and appointment or removal of housing authority board members would not remedy the incompatibility of the positions. When considering the appointing or removing a housing authority board member who takes part in determining the salary and the terms and conditions of their town board colleague's employment, the impartiality of the remaining town board members would not be free from doubt.

In this instance the housing authority board, which hires the Authority's employees, determines their qualifications and duties, and fixes their compensation, subject to the approval of the town board, results in the housing authority board members exercising these powers over the building administrator who also serves as town board member.

The opinion is posted on the Internet at:

May 06, 2013

Employer held liable for employee’s failure to call for assistance when asked to do so by police officers


Employer held liable for employee’s failure to call for assistance when asked to do so by police officers
Filippo v New York City Tr. Auth., 2013 NY Slip Op 03025, Appellate Division, First Department
Jannet Velez v 2013 NY Slip Op 03025, Appellate Division, First Department

Two police officers were injured in a subway station as the result of an individual’s resisting arrest. The criminal act leading to the arrest was committed in the street in the presence of the police officers who chased the perpetrator into the subway station.

Upon entering the station the police officers, who were in plainclothes, displayed their shields and asked the station agent to “call for backup” support. The station agent was inside a locked token booth that was equipped with an Emergency Booth Communication System (EBCS) that would have enabled him to summon help by pressing a button or stepping on a pedal.

Both police offers were injured when the perpetrator put up “a fierce and protracted struggle to resist arrest.” The station agent, however, watched the struggle from his token booth and did not activate the EBCS or make any other attempt to summon help.

The police officers sued the Transit Authority on the theory is that station agent’s failure to call for help constituted negligence which was a proximate cause of their injuries. Although Supreme Court granted the Transit Authority's motion for summary judgment, finding that the station agent was under no duty to call for any assistance, the Appellate Division reversed the lower court’s ruling.

The court explained that Public Authorities Law §1212(3) imposes liability upon the Transit Authority for the negligence of its employees in the operation of the subway system and is held to a duty of ordinary care under the particular circumstances of each case.

In Crosland v New York City Tr. Auth. 68 NY2d 165, the Court of Appeals held that the Transit Authority could be held liable for the negligent failure of its employees to summon aid as they watched a gang of thugs fatally assault a passenger. The Appellate Division said that the trial court’s holding that Crosland had no application in this instance because the plaintiffs were police officers was incorrect.

Noting that General Obligations Law §11-106 gives police officers as well as firefighters, who are injured in the line of duty, “a distinct right of action against tortfeasors that cause such injuries,” the Appellate Division said that the police officer’s lawsuit was not barred by their status as police officers and the Transit Authority's liability was established at trial.

In addition, the court rejected the Transit Authority argument that the evidence did not establish that a timely response on station agent’s part would have prevented the police officer from being injured as “this argument was raised for the first time on appeal” but indicated that if it were properly before the court it “would find it unavailing.”

The decision is posted on the Internet at:
http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2013/2013_03025.htm

May 04, 2013

Selected reports and information published by New York State's Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapol


Selected reports and information published by New York State's Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli
Issued during the week ending May 4, 2013 [Click on text highlighted in bold to access the full report] 


Entergy Shareholders To Take Up DiNapoli Proposal On Nuclear Power Safety

New York State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli Friday raised concerns with the storage of nuclear fuel at Entergy Inc.’s annual shareholder meeting in Little Rock, Ark. DiNapoli’s shareholder proposal calls for the company to implement a policy to minimize the amount of nuclear waste it stores in spent fuel pools and transfer that waste into dry cask storage.


DiNapoli: State Overtime Costs on the Rise

Overtime earnings at state agencies rose nearly 11 percent in 2012 to $529 million, escalating a trend that began in 2009, according to a report released Tuesday by New York State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli.


DiNapoli: State Ends Fiscal Year in Solid Position But Challenges Remain

Despite unexpected costs from Superstorm Sandy and a weaker than expected economy, New York State ended state fiscal year 2012–13 in a stable cash position compared to recent years, according to an end of the year report released Monday by New York State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli.


DiNapoli: St. Lawrence County Needs Long–Range Financial Plan

St. Lawrence County is coping with cash flow difficulties and a sharp decline in surplus funds, according to an audit issued Thursday by State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli. The audit notes that the county’s weakening fiscal health has resulted in program cuts, tax increases and a potential operating deficit.


Comptroller DiNapoli Releases Municipal Audits

New York State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli Wednesday announced his office completed the following audits:










the Maine Endwell Central School District.

May 03, 2013

Governor Como appoints Catherine Scott to serve as the State’s Inspector General


Governor Como appoints Catherine Scott to serve as the State’s Inspector General

On May 2, 2013 Governor Andrew M. Cuomo announced that he has appointed Catherine Leahy Scott to serve as the Inspector General of New York State. Ms. Scott has been serving as the Acting Inspector General since February 2013.

While Ms. Scott served as Acting Inspector General, the New York State Inspector General’s Office has had numerous significant investigations, findings and reports, including:

• The investigation of a state employee for stealing nearly one million dollars in federal government funds that were intended to be used by New York State to provide rent subsidies for low income families. This investigation resulted in the federal prosecution and conviction of this state employee.

• The investigation of improper lab practices in the Monroe County Public Safety Laboratory, which involved the destruction of key evidence in criminal cases in that region.

• An investigation which led to the indictment of the director of a Bronx not-for-profit corporation for bribery. The Inspector General’s investigation revealed the director received thousands of dollars in home improvements from contractors with whom his not-for-profit was doing state business, and who received government-funded renovation contracts intended to assist low and middle income residents.

• An investigation that found mismanagement, faulty procurement practices and security lapses at the New York State Fair. The investigation resulted in sweeping changes at the State Fair.

• In 2013 Ms. Scott trained the heads of all Executive branch agencies and authorities, as well as their chief counsels and ethics officers. Her statewide presentations provided uniform standards to the Executive branch, including codes of conduct and best practices to ensure integrity and the efficient operation of state government.

 

Teacher terminated after rejection constructive criticism of her ineffective teaching methods


Teacher terminated after rejection constructive criticism of her ineffective teaching methods

A tenured New York City teacher challenged her termination following a disciplinary arbitration hearing. Supreme Court dismissed her Article 75 petition and confirmed the New York City’s cross motion to confirm the arbitration award.

The Appellate Division unanimously affirmed the Supreme Court’s ruling.

The decision notes that “Adequate evidence in the record supported the Hearing Officer's determination” that the teacher was guilty of multiple specifications charging her with failure to follow procedures and carry out normal duties, and incompetent and inefficient service during three school years.

Further, said the court, evidence in the record showed that the teacher was either unwilling or unable to implement suggestions and constructive criticism of her ineffective teaching methods.

Quoting the Pell Doctrine [Pell v Board of Education, 34 NY2d 222], the Appellate Division said that under the circumstances the penalty of termination “does not shock our sense of fairness.”

The decision is posted on the Internet at:


May 02, 2013

Disciplinary hearing held in absentia after employee's attorney’s motion to withdraw from the matter is granted by the administrative law judge


Disciplinary hearing held in absentia after employee's attorney’s motion to withdraw from the matter is granted by the administrative law judge
New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings,OATH Index No 911/13

The New York City Administration for Children’s Services filed eight disciplinary charges, alleging, among other acts of misconduct, that a Juvenile Counselor employed by Children's Services failed to immediately investigate, report, and document a reported incident of alleged child abuse at a juvenile detention center and then later failed to cooperate fully in an investigation of the matter.

The employee failed to appear at the hearing as scheduled. His attorney, however, did appear at the hearing and stated that she had made numerous attempts to contact the employee by Federal Express, by mail, and by telephone, but was unsuccessful. The attorney provided OATH Administrative Law Judge Ingrid M. Addison with proof that she had notified the employee of the hearing date and had notified the employee that she might withdraw representation if she did not hear from him.

The employee’s attorney, based on the employee’s failure to communicate with her, asked to be relieved as counsel pursuant to §1-12(a) of OATH’s Rules of Practice.*

Judge Addison granted the attorney's motion because the employee’s failure to communicate with her rendered her representation of the individual unreasonably difficult and because the ALJ could foresee no “material adverse effect on the interest of [the employee]."

The ALJ then proceed to hold the disciplinary hearing in absentia** and found that: Children’s Services 

[1] Children’s Services had proven seven of its eight allegations;

[2] That there was undisputed evidence of the employee’s misconduct; and 

[3] That there was no mitigating circumstance for the employee’s failure to perform his duty..

Children’s Services had requested a 45-day suspension without pay. Judge Addison agreed that this was an appropriate penalty under the circumstances and recommended that the employee be suspended without pay for forty-five days.

* §1-12(a), Chapter 1, Subchapter B, of OATH’s Rules of Practice provides as follows: An attorney who has filed a notice of appearance shall not withdraw from representation without the permission of the administrative law judge, on application. Withdrawals shall not be granted unless upon consent of the client or when other cause exists as delineated in the applicable provisions of the Code of Professional Responsibility.

** The matter proceeded as an inquest after the Children’s Services presented its proof of service of the notice of the hearing by certified and regular mail addressed to the employee’s address on file with Children’s Services. The certified mailing to the employee was returned by the United States Postal Service marked “unclaimed.”

The decision is posted on the Internet at:
http://archive.citylaw.org/oath/13_Cases/13-911.pdf

May 01, 2013

Governor Cuomo makes millions of additional records available on the Internet


Governor Cuomo makes millions of additional records available on the Internet

On May 1, 2013, Governor Andrew M. Cuomo made millions of additional records from multiple government agencies available on New York’s new, comprehensive data transparency website, Open.ny.gov, which was launched earlier this year to provide user-friendly, one-stop access to data from the state, localities and the federal government.

The data featured in a new “Transparency” sectionon the website includes: campaign contribution and expenditure records from the New York State Board of Elections dating back to 1999; New York State lobbying and enforcement records from the Joint Commission on Public Ethics; attorney registration as far back as 1898 from the Office of Court Administration; the New York State employee phone directory; and information on public authorities from the Authorities Budget Office.

The voluminous additional data can be searched by keyword, cross-referenced with other public datasets, downloaded for analysis, and graphed, mapped or charted using the tools available through the website.

The data published includes:

· Campaign Contributions, Expenditures, and Committees: Over seven million records of campaign contributions and expenditures dating back to 1999, along with a complete list of candidate committees registered with the Board of Elections;

· Lobbying: Complete disclosure data from the last six years of lobbying reports required under New York State law from lobbyists, clients, and public corporations. Data includes the identities of lobbyists and clients, lobbying expenditures and compensation, and subjects lobbied. The site also includes information newly required under the Public Integrity Reform Act of 2011 on client sources of fundingand lobbyist- and client-reportable business relationships, as reported to the Joint Commission on Public Ethics, plus information on lobbyist disbursement of public money;

· Attorney Registration: New York State attorney registration information, including the admission date, current status (i.e., registered, disbarred, deceased, etc.), and other public information about all attorneys registered in New York State, including attorneys admitted to practice law as far back as 1898; and

· Budget Vetoes: To further increase transparency in the New York State budget process, the site now provides information about budget vetoes in the current budget. Following the enactment of the 2013-14 budget, Governor Cuomo vetoed 202 items that were added by the Legislature. Searchable, downloadable information on these vetoes is now available, including the justification for each item.

Open.ny.gov also now contains data on enforcement activities taken by the Joint Commission on Public Ethics and its predecessors dating back to 2008 and by the New York State Office of the Inspector General dating back to 2010; a new integrated list of public authorities as identified by the Authorities Budget Office; and a searchable, downloadable directory of New York State government employees, including office telephone numbers.


A contract of employment may shorten the controlling statute of limitations available to the employee with respect to his or her suing the employer if not unreasonable or “the product of overreaching”


A contract of employment may shorten the controlling statute of limitations available to the employee with respect to his or her suing the employer if not unreasonable or “the product of overreaching”
Hunt v Raymour & Flanigan, 2013 NY Slip Op 02715, Appellate Division, Second Department

Although contracts of employment are the exception with respect to most employments in the public sector, the decision by the Appellate Division in Hunt v Raymour and Flanigan, a decision involving a lawsuit between a former employer in the private section and its former employee, may be worthy of note by some public employers.

Thomas Huntsigned an application for employment with Raymour & Flanigan (R & F) that included a clause providing that "any claim or lawsuit relating to [his] service with [R & F] must be filed no more than six (6) months after the date of the employment action that is the subject of the claim or lawsuit." The employment application also stated that Hunt “agreed that he waived any statute of limitations to the contrary.”

Hunt was terminated by R & F some three years later. More than six months after his employment was terminated, Hunt sued R & F and one of R & F’s vice presidents seeking to recover damages based on alleged “employment discrimination and retaliation in violation of Executive Law §296 and [the] Administrative Code of the City of New York §8-107.”

Supreme Court denied R & F motion to dismiss the first and second causes of action asserted by Hunt against R & F in the action he had filed against it and R & F filed a notice of appeal challenging this aspect of Supreme Court's ruling *

Considering R & F’s appeal, the Appellate Division explained that when reviewing a motion to dismiss a complaint pursuant to CPLR §3211(a)(1), "dismissal is warranted only if the documentary evidence submitted conclusively establishes a defense to the asserted claims as a matter of law." In this instance, said the court, R & F submitted documentary evidence in the form of the employment application, which demonstrated that Hunt contractually agreed to commence any claim or lawsuit against R & F no more than six months after the date of the employment action that was the subject of the claim or lawsuit.

Significantly, the court stated that "The parties to a contract may agree to limit the period of time within which an action must be commenced to a period shorter than that provided by the applicable statute of limitations [and] [a]bsent proof that the contract is one of adhesion or the product of overreaching, or that [the] altered period is unreasonably short, the abbreviated period of limitation will be enforced" by the courts.

Accordingly, the Appellate Division ruled that Hunt’s arguments that the shortened limitations period set forth in the employment application was not applicable or was unenforceable were without merit. Thus, as Hunt commenced this action more than six months after the date on which his employment terminated, his first and second causes of action insofar as asserted against R & F should have been dismissed by Supreme Court pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(1).

* The Appellate Division noted that “R & F's contentions on appeal that the third and fourth causes of action should have been dismissed [by Supreme Court] are not properly before this Court.”

The decision is posted on the Internet at:
http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2013/2013_02715.htm

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New York Public Personnel Law Blog Editor Harvey Randall served as Principal Attorney, New York State Department of Civil Service; Director of Personnel, SUNY Central Administration; Director of Research, Governor’s Office of Employee Relations; and Staff Judge Advocate General, New York Guard. Consistent with the Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations, the material posted to this blog is presented with the understanding that neither the publisher nor NYPPL and, or, its staff and contributors are providing legal advice to the reader and in the event legal or other expert assistance is needed, the reader is urged to seek such advice from a knowledgeable professional.
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