Disciplinary charges must be served on the target of the disciplinary action on or before the expiration of the period set by the controlling statute of limitations

Disciplinary charges must be served on the target of the disciplinary action on or before the expiration of the period set by the controlling statute of limitations

Lebron v Village of Spring Valley, 2016 NY Slip Op 06500, Appellate Division, Second Department

Following a disciplinary hearing, the hearing officer found David Lebron, a Village of Spring Valley police officer, guilty of certain charges of misconduct. The hearing officer than recommend that Lebron be terminated from his position with the Spring Valley Police Department. The Spring Valley Village Board of Trustees adopted the recommendation of the hearing officer and dismissed Lebron from his position.

Lebron file a petition pursuant to CPLR Article 78 challenging his termination, contending, among other things, that:

The Board's determination was not supported by substantial evidence.

Addressing the issue of the alleged lack of “substantial evidence,” the Appellate Division simply noted that the in brief submitted to the court Lebron “did not contend that the Board's determination was not supported by substantial evidence.”

The charges served against him were time-barred because they were served more than 60 days after the Department's Chief of Police became aware of the facts upon which the charges were based.

As to the question of the charges being timely served, the Appellate Division explained that the applicable statute of limitations are set out in The Rockland County Police Act, §7 of Chapter 526 of the Law of 1936. This section provides that the disciplinary charges must be served on the target of the disciplinary action within 60 days after the facts upon which the charges are based became known to the Village Board of Trustees. Here, said the court, there was no dispute that the charges were served upon Lebron within 60 days after the facts upon which the charges were based became known to the Board.

Accordingly, the court found that the disciplinary charges served on Lebron were not time-barred.

Lebron also argued that he had suffered “added stigma” as the result of the “circumstances of the disciplinary procedure.”  The Appellate Division, however, decided that this contention was without merit. In the words of the Appellate Division, “[n]othing in the record suggests that, as a result of the termination of his employment as a police officer with the Department, [Lebron] is prohibited from obtaining future law enforcement employment, or that he is subjected to a public registry of any sort.”

Lebron also contended that his due process rights were violated by the hearing officer's declining to reopen the disciplinary hearing to consider “newly discovered evidence.

Citing Russell v Del Castillo, 181 AD2d 680, the Appellate Division concluded that “the hearing officer providently exercised his discretion in denying [Lebron’s] application to reopen the hearing on the basis of newly discovered evidence."

The Russell decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.legal.com/decision/1992861181AD2d680_1486/MATTER%20OF%20RUSSELL%V%20DEL%20CASTILLO

The Lebron decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2016/2016_06500.htm

Evidence that the firefighter suffered disease or malfunction of the heart as the result of his or her duties and activities required to trigger the statutory presumption set out in the Volunteer Firefighters' Benefit Law

Evidence that the firefighter suffered disease or malfunction of the heart as the result of his or her duties and activities required to trigger the statutory presumption set out in the Volunteer Firefighters' Benefit Law

Huffer v Nesconset Fire Dist., 2016 NY Slip Op 06535, Appellate Division, Third Department

§61.1 of the  Volunteer Firefighters' Benefit Law provides that "[a] claim for benefits for the death or disability of a volunteer [firefighter] due to disease or malfunction of the heart or of one or more coronary arteries . . . shall not be denied provided the claimant introduces evidence which establishes that a volunteer [firefighter] suffered disease or malfunction of the heart or of one or more coronary arteries which caused the disablement or death of the volunteer [firefighter], and that such disease or malfunction resulted from the duties and activities in which the volunteer [firefighter] was engaged."*

Appeal from a decision of the Workers' Compensation Board, filed October 23, 2015, which ruled that decedent's death was not causally related to his employment and denied claimant's claim for workers' compensation death benefits.

Ross Huffer, [Huffer] served as a volunteer firefighter with the Nesconset Fire District and worked as a first responder on Wednesdays and Thursdays. On Wednesday, February 26, 2014, Hufferresponded to two calls during the day and also attended drill that evening at the firehouse. Huffer then returned home, went to bed and died in his sleep early the next morning of hypertensive and atherosclerotic heart disease.

Huffer’ widow, Kathleen Ross [Claimant], filed a claim for workers' compensation death benefits. Following a hearing, the Workers' Compensation Law Judge denied her claim, finding that there was insufficient evidence as to the nature and extent of  Huffers’ activities on February 26, 2014 to find that his death was related to his volunteer firefighter duties. The Workers' Compensation Board affirmed the decision of the Workers' Compensation Law Judge and Claimant appealed.

The Appellate Division, citing the provisions of §61.1 Volunteer Firefighters' Benefit Law, affirmed the Board’s determination, explaining that neither Claimant’s testimony nor the testimony of doctors established the duties and activities that  Huffer undertook during the two emergency calls or at drill on the day before he died.**

Claimant testified that she was unaware of the specific nature of the calls to which Huffer responded or the nature of the drill. In addition, said the court, “the record establishes that the opinion of Lester Ploss, a physician who reviewed [Huffer's] medical records and opined that [Ross’] firematic duties contributed to his death, was based upon a lack of information, as well as certain assumptions made by Ploss regarding the specific activities that [Huffer] engaged in at the emergency calls and at the drill.

Considering the lack of evidence regarding the duties and activities in which  Hufferhad been engaged, the Appellate Division held that the requirements for the applicability of “the statutory presumption under Volunteer Firefighters' Benefit Law [§61.1] was not met.”

Accordingly, the court ruled that “the Board's decision denying [Claimant’s] death benefit claim will not be disturbed.”

* N.B.As currently enacted §61 of the Volunteer Firefighters' Benefit Law is “repealed effective July 1, 2020.”

** The Appellate Division noted that “No testimony or evidence was provided concerning Ross’ “responding to two calls during the day and also attending drill that evening] by any fire department officials”

The decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2016/2016_06535.htm

Affordable Care Act Outreach for State and Local Governmental Employer Community

Affordable Care Act Outreach for State and Local Governmental Employer Community 

Source: The Internal Revenue Service

REMINDER

The Affordable Care Act [ACA] Office and the Tax Exempt and Government Entities [TE/GE] Counsel will present a live webinar to address governmental entities' concerns and needs as they relate to ACA information reporting requirements on Thursday, October 20, 2016 at 2 p.m. [Eastern time].

Topics to be addressed include:

Determining Applicable Large Employer (ALE) status

Identifying full-time employees

Defining hours of service

What is Minimum Essential Coverage?

E-Filing of information returns

2016 filing season corrections and replacements

Penalties and relief

TIN solicitation

Changes to forms and instructions for Tax Year 2016

Click here to Register for this event.

N.B. IRS is not offering participants Continuing Education Credit for this event.

From the Law Blogs

From the Law Blogs - week ending October 8, 2016

[Internet links highlighted in color]

Posted by NYMUNIBLOG

NYMUNIBLOG has posted a draft revision of learning standards issued by the New York State Department of Education to replace "Common Core."

Posted on the Internet at:
http://www.nymuniblog.com/whats-name-nysed-releases-draft-revision-learning-standards-replace-common-core/

Posted in Wolters Kluwer's WorkDayhttp://www.employmentlawdaily.com/ 

Supervisor’s bias against Hispanic or overweight employees supports non-selection claim

By Kathleen Kapusta, J.D.

Although a close call, a federal court in the District of Columbia found that an Hispanic employee who described herself as having “a body size which may be perceived by some as being overweight” established a fact issue as to whether Fannie Mae’s rationale for passing her over for a VP position in favor of a slender Caucasian woman was pretextual. One view of the evidence, said the court, was that the senior VP who drove the hiring process harbored biases toward Hispanic and overweight employees and selected the successful candidate not because she was more qualified but because she fit the demographic and personal appearance mold. Accordingly, the court denied summary judgment against the employee’s non-selection claims alleging racial discrimination under Section 1981 and racial and personal appearance discrimination under the D.C. Human Rights Act (Lapera v. Federal National Mortgage Association dba Fannie Mae).

The full text of Ms. Kapusta’s article is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.employmentlawdaily.com/index.php/news/supervisors-bias-against-hispanic-or-overweight-employees-supports-non-selection-claim/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CCH-Workday+%28WK+WorkDay%29

Other issues considered in WorkDay:

Report on advancing diversity in law enforcement released

Communications between union member and union representatives not privileged in civil lawsuit

Two-day delay in reporting sexual harassment dooms Title VII retaliation claim

 

Handwritten agreement to resign during mediation of administrative race bias charges was valid, uncoerced

N.B. No part of the above materials may be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, or retransmitted, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of WK. Any other reproduction in any form without the prior written consent of WK is prohibited. Written consent may be obtained from WK. Please click here for more information.

Selected reports issued by the New York State Comptroller during the week ending October 5, 2016

Selected reports issued by the New York State Comptroller during the week ending October 5, 2016: Completed audits of State Departments and Agencies; Municipalities and School Districts and BOCES

Source: Office of the State Comptroller

[Internet links highlighted in color]

New York State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli announced the following audits have been issued and the full text of each are posted on the Internet:

State Departments and Agencies

State Education Department (SED): Selected Aspects of the Migrant Education Program (Follow-Up) (2016-F-9)
An audit report issued in May 2015 determined that the Migrant Education Program did not meet certain program outcomes and overarching program goals. SED did not complete federally required documents in a timely manner; and a significant portion of the Migrant Education Tutorial Services faced challenges obtaining migrant student performance data. In a follow-up report, auditors found SED has made significant progress in correcting the problems identified in the initial report. Several of the strategies the program plans to implement are scheduled to begin with the 2016-2017 school year. 

State Education Department: Kidz Therapy Services, PLLC, Compliance with the Reimbursable Cost Manual (2015-S-63)
For the three fiscal years ended June 30, 2014, auditors identified $249,850 in reported costs that did not comply with the state requirements for reimbursement and recommend such costs be disallowed. These ineligible costs included $240,553 in personal service costs and $9,297 in other than personal service costs.

Department of Health (DOH): Improper Fee-for-Service Payments for Pharmacy Services Covered by Managed Care (Follow-Up) (2016-F-5)
An audit issued in January 2015 determined that, for the 27-month period of Oct. 1, 2011 through Dec. 31, 2013, Medicaid inappropriately paid 29,289 fee-for-services pharmacy claims totaling $978,251 on behalf of 18,010 Medicaid recipients whose pharmacy benefits were covered by managed care. In a follow-up report, auditors determined DOH has made some progress in addressing the problems identified in the initial audit report. However, further actions are still needed.

Department of Health: Improper Payments for Controlled Substances That Exceed Allowed Dispensing Limits (Follow-Up) (2016-F-6)
An audit report issued in February 2015, determined that, for the period Jan. 1, 2009 through Dec. 31, 2013, Medicaid overpaid pharmacies $1,183,601 for 13,705 fee-for-service claims in which quantities of controlled substances exceeded the supply limits allowed. Auditors further identified 3,323 managed care claims for controlled substances in which the quantities dispensed exceeded the limits set by law. In a follow-up report, auditors found DOH has made progress in addressing the problems identified in the initial audit report. This included implementing controls to prevent the payment of pharmacy claims for quantities of controlled substances that exceeded supply limits. These actions resulted in the denial of approximately $3.3 million in claims through July 2016.

Department of Labor (DOL): Examination of Unemployment Insurance (UI) Benefits 2015 Year End Report (2016-BSE4-01)
Auditors identified 11,306 UI overpayments totaling more than $3.6 million. This includes $93,760 in current payment requests stopped, $280,276 in future payments that would have been made over the life of the claim and $3,311,848 in erroneous payments made. Based on the errors identified, DOL assessed $471,458 in monetary penalties to 344 claimants. Auditors also identified 588 underpayments totaling $105,744. DOL has recovered $253,968 in forfeited UI benefits from claimants who made false statements or representations to obtain benefits they were not eligible to receive and $488,138 from New York state employees who owed DOL for UI overpayments made in prior years.

Municipalities

Altona Volunteer Fire Company, Inc. – Financial Operations (Clinton County)
Company officials did not establish adequate controls or provide sufficient oversight of financial activities. Consequently, the company’s accounting records were not properly maintained, bank reconciliations were not prepared and crucial financial reports were inaccurate or not prepared and submitted to company officials or to the comptroller’s office.

City of Gloversville – Parking Violation Operations (Fulton County)
City officials have not established sufficient procedures for pursuing the collection of unpaid parking violations or set a benchmark for collection rates. The city collected $110,000 in revenues for 4,367 violations from January 2011 through April 2016, which represents 61 percent of total parking violations. The city could have collected an additional 1,757 parking violations totaling approximately $44,000 if it collected fines for 85 percent of the parking violation tickets issued. If the city collects the additional 24 percent of parking violations that are still outstanding, dating back to January 2011, the city could receive approximately $83,000 in additional revenue.

City of Jamestown – Financial Condition (Chautauqua County)
The city incurred operating deficits in fiscal years 2012 through 2015 totaling $2.8 million. As a result, general fund balance decreased by approximately 58 percent, from $4.8 million to $2 million. The city’s financial condition will continue to decline during 2016 because the adopted budget is again not structurally balanced. The city will likely incur an operating deficit of at least $400,000 unless significant and immediate spending changes are implemented.

Town of Warwarsing – Napanoch Water District Rents and Assessments (Ulster County)
The board needs to improve its internal controls over water rents to ensure that they are accurately billed and collected and assessments are properly levied. Auditors found that internal controls over water rents and assessments were inadequate and oversight is lacking. Because town officials were uncertain of district boundaries, assessments were not levied on all properties in the district. As a result, assessments charged to district property owners were higher than necessary.

School Districts and BOCES

Frankfort-Schuyler Central School District – Financial Management (Herkimer County)
District officials did not adopt budgets based on historical or known trends but instead overestimated expenditures by almost $2.7 million from 2011-12 through 2014-15. The district appropriated $2.4 million in fund balance as a financing source in the annual budgets for 2012-13 through 2015-16. However, the district’s budgeting practices resulted in operating surpluses in three of these years and will also likely end 2015-16 with an operating surplus. As a result, none of the appropriated fund balance will be needed to finance operations. The district also retained an average of approximately $342,000 of unrestricted funds in the debt service fund, $1.1 million in the agency fund’s group health insurance account and $429,000 in excessive reserves over these years. When adding back unused appropriated fund balance, excess money retained in the debt service, agency funds and reserves, the district’s recalculated unrestricted fund balance exceeded the statutory limit, averaging more than 18 percent of the ensuing year’s appropriations, or more than four times the statutory limit.

Hammondsport Central School District – Nonresident Tuition (Steuben County)
District officials should improve their billing process for nonresident students by determining actual attendance dates. Auditors reviewed 10 tuition invoices for seven nonresident students placed at the district totaling $219,941 from the 2012-13 through 2014-15 years. While district officials effectively identified nonresident students who were placed at the district, the treasurer ,a href="used incorrect attendance dates when calculating bills for three students. As a result, two home districts were underbilled by $5,078 and one home district was overbilled by $638.

Putnam Northern Westchester Board of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES) – Information Technology and Claims Auditing (2016M-205)
BOCES officials need to improve controls to adequately secure and protect IT systems. The rooms housing the servers and IT infrastructure did not have safeguards to track access and protect IT assets, and BOCES officials have not developed a disaster recovery plan to guide action in the event of a disaster. Additionally, the board appointed a claims auditor but needs to improve its oversight of the claims auditing function. There was no evidence that 33 claims totaling $100,873 were checked to ensure they did not exceed their related purchase orders or that 13 claims totaling $42,526 agreed with approval contracts or agreements.

Raquette Lake Union Free School District – Monitoring Financial Condition (Hamilton County)
The board did not ensure that adequate accounting records and reports were maintained and did not effectively monitor the district’s financial operations. The clerk did not maintain accurate and complete accounting records and the treasurer did not provide the board with adequate periodic reports. Furthermore, auditors recalculated the district’s assets, liabilities and fund balance and found unrestricted fund balance deficits for the 2013-14 and 2014-15 fiscal years and budgetary deficits for the 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 fiscal years. Additionally, the district incurred a cash flow shortage that precluded employees from cashing their paychecks from July 2013 to September 2013.

Western Suffolk Board of Cooperative Educational Services – Budget Transfers and Confirming Purchase Orders (2016M-218)
The board did not always enforce its policies and procedures. Auditors reviewed 30 budget transfers totaling $9.2 million and found that 24 totaling $7.8 million were not presented to the board for approval. The board approved the remaining six budget transfers totaling $1.4 million between 18 and 70 days after the transfer was processed. The board’s ability to monitor the budget and ensure that account codes are not overspent is compromised when it does not approve budget transfers.

An employer is not liable for an employee's discriminatory acts targeting a co-worker unless the employer encouraged, condoned or approved such misconduct

An employer is not liable for an employee's discriminatory acts targeting a co-worker unless the employer encouraged, condoned or approved such misconduct

Figueroa v New York State Div. of Human Rights and Buffalo City School Dist., 2016 NY Slip Op 06319, Appellate Division, Fourth Department

Schwallie v New York State Div. of Human Rights and Buffalo City School Dist., 2016 NY Slip Op 06322, Appellate Division, Fourth Department
 

At the time of the alleged unlawful acts of employment discrimination both Rachel Figueroa and Ashleigh Schwallie were employed by the Buffalo City School District [District] and both worked at the same school.

They both alleged that they had been victims sexual harassment by a coworker. They subsequently filed separate complaints against the District alleging sexual harassment and retaliation with the New York State Division of Human Rights [Division]. The Division dismissed their respective complaints.

Then both Figueroa and Schwallie commenced separate proceedings pursuant to Executive Law §298* seeking court orders annulling the relevant decisions of the Division dismissing their complaints of sexual harassment and retaliation. The Appellate Division dismissed both appeals “on the merits.”

The court said it agreed with the District that substantial evidence supported the determinations of the Division that the District was not liable for the coworker's discriminatory conduct. The Appellate Division explained that "[u]nder [New York State’s] Human Rights Law, an employer cannot be held liable for an employee's discriminatory act[s] unless the employer became a party to [them] by encouraging, condoning, or approving [them]."

Neither Figueroa nor Schwallie had established that the District became a party to the alleged sexual harassment by a co-worker. Indeed, said the court, “the record establishes that [the District] reasonably investigated complaints of discriminatory conduct and took corrective action.”

The Appellate Division also found that substantial evidence supported the Division’s determinations that neither Figueroa nor Schwallie were subjected to retaliation by the District for complaining about alleged acts of unlawful discrimination by the co-worker. While both had established  prima facie cases of retaliation, the court found that the District "came forward with legitimate, independent, and nondiscriminatory reasons to support its employment decision[s]" and neither Figueroa not Schwallie had shown that that those reasons were pretextual,

With respect to alleged acts of alleged retaliation for filing a human rights complaint, where the employer has presented a lawful reason or explanation to rebut a charging party's prima facie evidence of retaliation, the burden shifts to the charging party to present facts to rebut each reason or explanation advanced by the employer in it defense against the charge of retaliation.

The Appellate Division unanimously confirmed the Division’s decisions and dismissed both petitions.

* §298 of the Executive Law provides for judicial review and enforcement of determinations by the New York State Division of Human Rights and provides, in pertinent part that “Any complainant, respondent or other person aggrieved by an order of the commissioner which is an order after public hearing … dismissing a complaint, … may obtain judicial review thereof ….”

The Figueroa decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2016/2016_06319.htm.

The Schwallie decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2016/2016_06322.htm.

Reducing health insurance prescription co-pay benefits for an employer’s retirees to the same level as the employer’s active employees' prescription co-pay benefit

Reducing health insurance prescription co-pay benefits for an employer’s retirees to the same level as the employer’s active employees' prescription co-pay benefit

Altic v Board of Educ., 2016 NY Slip Op 06315, Appellate Division, Fourth Department

As relevant to this action, §14 of Part B of Chapter 504 of the Laws of 2009  amended Chapter 729 of the Laws of 1994 and made permanent temporary legislation prohibiting a school district, a BOCES, or a vocational education and extension board providing health insurance benefits and employer contributions on behalf  retirees and their dependents that were less than the health insurance benefits and employer contributions it provide on behalf a corresponding group of active employees.*

In this action there was no question that the prescription co-pay benefits for retirees and active employees were identical from June 30, 1994, the effective date of this so-called Moratorium Statute through June 30, 2007. Effective July 1, 2007, pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement [CBA], the prescription co-pay benefit for active employees was reduced. The prescription co-pay benefit for active employees was again reduced pursuant to the terms and conditions of a subsequent CBA, effective September 1, 2013. 

Accordingly, Onondaga-Cortland-Madison Board of Cooperative Educational Services [OCM] reduced its prescription co-pay benefits for its active employees’ as the result of collective bargaining effective September 1, 2013. OCM subsequently reduced its prescription co-pay benefits for its retirees to the same level it paid on behalf of the active employees' for the prescription co-pay benefit effective April 1, 2014.

Nancy Altic, on behalf of herself and other OCM retirees, filed an Article 78 petition challenging OCM’s reduction of its prescription co-payment benefits it made on behalf of its retirees. Supreme Court granted Altic’s petition and annulled OCM’s decision to reduce the OCM’s prescription co-pay benefit for its retired employees to the then same level of its prescription co-pay benefit it made on behalf of its active employees as set out in the collective bargaining agreement. Supreme Court held that OCM had violated certain provisions of Chapter 504 of the Laws of 200.

OCM appealed and the Appellate Division unanimously reversed the Supreme Court’s ruling “on the law” and dismissed Altic’s petition.

The Appellate Division explained that the Moratorium Statute, first enacted in 1994 "sets a minimum baseline or floor for retiree health insurance benefits.” That floor was measured by the health insurance benefits received by active employees.” In other words, said the court, the Moratorium Statute “does not permit an employer to whom the statute applies to provide retirees with lesser health insurance benefits than active employees."

In view of this, the Appellate Division concluded that, “inasmuch as there was a corresponding diminution of  [prescription co-pay] benefits . . . effected [with respect to retired employees] . . . from the present level  … on or after June 30, 1994” to the level of the prescription co-pay benefits being made on behalf of active OCM employees, OCM did not violate the Moratorium Statute.

* §14 of Part B of Chapter 504 of the Laws of 2009 amended §1 of Chapter 729 of the laws of 1994, making permanent temporary legislation addressing the health insurance benefits and contributions to be made on behalf of retired employees of school districts, BOCES and certain other educational entities, to read as follows: “Section 1. From on and after June 30, 1994 [until May 15, 2010,]a school district, board of cooperative educational services, vocational education and extension board or a school district as enumerated in section 1 of chapter 566 of the laws of 1967, as amended, shall be prohibited from diminishing the health insurance benefits provided to retirees and their dependents or the contributions such board or district makes for such health insurance coverage below the level of such benefits or contributions made on behalf of such retirees and their dependents by such district or board unless a corresponding diminution of benefits or contributions is effected from the present level during this period by such district or board from the corresponding group of active employees for such retirees.” 

The decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2016/2016_06315.htm

AELE posts items of special interest to those involved in public safety, law enforcement and firefighting on its LawBlog

Americans for Effective Law Enforcement, Inc. posts items of special interest to those involved in public safety, law enforcement and firefighting on its LawBlog

  [Internet links highlighted in color]

Americans for Effective Law Enforcement, Inc. [AELE] offers free access to certain publications. In addition, it has a searchable library of more than 35,000 case digests organized into 700 + indexed topics. Users do not have to preregister and there is no time limit on research sessions. Except for commercial purposes the contents of its online law library may be copied and pasted, saved or printed.

AELE’s current issues of its three publications, back issues since 2000, case digests since 1975, and a search engine are accessible through the Internet and AELE invites everyone to read, print or download AELE publications without charge. The main menu is at: http://www.aele.org/law

Some of the items listed on AELE’s October 2016 LawBlog are: 

AELE Monthly Law Journal article - Overtime Pay Entitlement for Public Safety Employees Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) – Part 2.View here.

Law Enforcement Liability Reporter - This issue has cases on assault and battery: flashbangs, dogs, false arrest/imprisonment with and without warrants, firearms related: Second Amendment, public protection: 911 systems, and search and seizure of persons and vehicles. View here.  

Fire, Police & Corrections Personnel Reporter - This issue has cases on First Amendment, Fair Labor Standards Act: donning and doffing uniforms and equipment, pay disputes, political activity/patronage employment, race/national origin discrimination, retaliatory personnel actions, sex discrimination, sexual harassment, and whistleblower protection. View here.

Jail and Prisoner Law Bulletin - This issue has cases on disability discrimination: prisoners, medical care, dental care, the "three strikes" rule of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, prisoner assault by inmates, prisoner discipline, religion, search of prisoners, and sexual assault. View here.

Discipline and Internal Investigations Seminar - AELE's 2016 seminar on Discipline and Internal Investigations for public safety agencies -police, corrections and the fire services - will be held in Las Vegas on October 24-26. This is a comprehensive 2 and a half day program will address all major aspects of discipline. The program covers both substantive and procedural issues as well as rules and regulations. The program includes the latest hot topics such as cell phones, social media, and constitutional issues. More information is available at http://www.aele.org/menu-disc.html

AELE’s annual seminar on Jail and Prisoner Legal Issues will be held in Las Vegas on January 9-12, 2017. More info at http://www.aele.org/menu-jail.html

Decisions involving an employee’s use of the employer's electronic equipment that resulted in disciplinary action being taken against an employee

Decisions involving an employee’s use of the employer's electronic equipment that resulted in disciplinary action being taken against an employee 

[Internet links highlighted in color]

Sprague v Spokane Valley Fire Department

Sprague v. Spokane Valley Fire Department, summarized by Dave Strausfeld, J.D. concerns a fire department captain who was discharged for sending religious messages to coworkers via the department’s internal email system was unable to prove that his First Amendment free speech rights were violated, held a Washington Court of Appeals, affirming a lower court’s grant of summary judgment. The email system was a nonpublic forum, and limiting its usage to fire department business was reasonable and viewpoint neutral. Judge Lawrence-Berrey filed a separate concurring opinion.

In dissent, Chief Judge Fearing argued the department had opened the email system to religious messages by forwarding newsletters from its health insurer about solving personal problems and living a healthy lifestyle, because the government may not “prefer secular chatter over religious oration” 

The full text of Mr. Srausfeld's summary of the decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.employmentlawdaily.com/index.php/news/fired-for-using-internal-email-system-to-send-religious-messages-fire-captain-loses-free-speech-claim/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CCH-Workday+%28WK+WorkDay%29 

N.B. The foregoing summary was posted by Employment Law News, WK WorkDay - A service provided by Wolters Kluwer Legal and Regulatory U.S. No part of the above materials may be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, or retransmitted, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of WK. Any other reproduction in any form without the prior written consent of WK is prohibited. Written consent may be obtained from WK. Please click here for more information.

Other decisions involving an employer’s use of electronic equipment underlying  disciplinary action being taken against the employee include:

Fraser v Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co.
USDC, 135 F. Supp. 2d 623

The court held that an employee using his or her employer's computer equipment for personal business does not enjoy any "right to privacy" barring the employer’s reviewing the employee's e-mail that is stored in its computer system. Federal District Court Judge Anita B. Brody decided that an employer may peruse an employee's e-mail files that are stored in the system without violating either federal or Pennsylvania wiretap laws. On appeal the USCA, Third Circuit, affirmed the District Court's grant of summary judgment in favor of Nationwide on Fraser's wrongful termination claim but vacated and remand the state claims, and his bad-faith claim and forfeiture-for-competition claim for consideration in light of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's decision in Hess v. Gebhard and Co., Inc., 570 Pa. 148.

Leo Gustafson v Town of N. Castle 
45 A.D.3d 766
The employee, an assistant building inspector with the Town of North Castle, was charged and found guilty of falsifying official records with respect to where he was while on duty. The individual was assigned a town vehicle for the purpose of making field inspections in connection with his employment. The vehicle had a global positioning system installed that transmitted information to the town’s computer reporting the vehicle’s location and movements. Based on this information, the Town charged the employee with falsifying town records as to his whereabouts. This, said the Appellate Division, constituted substantial evidence to support the determination that the employee was guilty of falsifying town records.

Ghita v Department of Education of the City of New York 

2008 NY Slip Op 30706(U), Supreme Court, New York County, Docket Number: 0110481/2007 [Not selected for publications in the Official Reports] 
The employee challenged an arbitrator’s determination terminating his employment with the New York City Department of Education after finding him guilty of downloading a file of pornographic material from his AOL email account and openly viewed such pornographic material from a school computer. Supreme Court rejected the individual’s claim that the arbitrator exceeded his authority under Education Law §3020-a, and the award terminating petitioner's employment is a violation of public policy and New York State Law.

Perry v Comm. of Labor 
App. Div. 3rd Dept., 283 A.D.2d 754

An unemployment insurance claimant challenged a determination by the Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board denying him benefits after finding that his employment was terminated due to his misconduct. The nature of the individual's alleged misconduct: his misuse of his employer's computer equipment. The employee, a human resource specialist, was dismissed from his position after his employer discovered that he used his computer terminal to frequently access pornographic websites during working hours.

School audits published issued by the New York State Comptroller during the week ending October 1, 2016

School audits published issued by the New York State Comptroller during the week ending October 1, 2016

Source: Office of the State Comptroller

[Internet links highlighted in color]

Adirondack Central School District– Financial Condition

Purpose of Audit

The purpose of our audit was to assess the District’s financial condition for the period July 1, 2014 through February 29, 2016.

Background

The Adirondack Central School District is located in the Towns of Ohio, Russia and Webb in Herkimer County; the Towns of Lewis, Leyden, Lyonsdale and West Turin in Lewis County; and the Towns of Annsville, Ava, Boonville, Forestport, Lee, Remsen, Steuben and Western in Oneida County. The District, which operates five schools with approximately 1,300 students, is governed by an elected seven-member Board of Education. Budgeted appropriations for the 2015-16 fiscal year totaled approximately $28.6 million.

Key Findings

In recent years, the Board has balanced its adopted budgets with appropriations of fund balance and reserves, which has led to planned operating deficits from 2012-13 through 2014-15 and a $2.2 million decline in the general fund balance.

The school lunch fund was not self-sufficient and required advances and subsidies from the general fund to finance its operations.

The Board has not developed a multiyear financial plan to address the declining fund balance and to guide the use of the reserve funds.

Key Recommendations

Carefully consider the amount of available fund balance and reserves appropriated to fund future budgets and ensure that a reasonable amount of unrestricted fund balance is retained.

Take the necessary steps to ensure that the school lunch fund becomes self-sufficient, such as increasing revenue or cutting costs.

Develop and periodically review a comprehensive multiyear financial plan to establish long-term objectives for funding long-term needs, provide a framework for future budgets and guide the District’s management of financial condition.

The text of the audit is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.osc.state.ny.us/localgov/audits/schools/2016/adirondack.pdf 

Greenburgh Central School District– Payroll and Reserve Funds

Purpose of Audit

The purpose of our audit was to examine the District’s payroll procedures and reserve funds for the period July 1, 2014 through March 23, 2016.

Background

The Greenburgh Central School District is located in the Town of Greenburgh, Westchester County. The District, which operates six schools with approximately 2,000 students, is governed by an elected seven-member Board of Education. Budgeted appropriations for the 2015-16 fiscal year totaled approximately $65 million.

Key Findings

District officials have not provided employees with written procedures over payroll.

District officials did not adequately segregate payroll duties or establish sufficient compensating controls.

Overtime and leave requests were not preapproved as required.

There was no evidence that the Board periodically assessed four of the six reserves for necessity.

Key Recommendations

Develop written payroll-processing procedures for employees to follow.

Implement compensating controls to address the lack of segregation of duties in the payroll process.

Ensure that leave time is preapproved, that supporting documentation is retained and that overtime is preapproved.

Adopt a reserve fund policy that addresses the funding and use of all reserve funds.

The text of the audit is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.osc.state.ny.us/localgov/audits/schools/2016/greenburgh.pdf 

Greenville Central School District– Information Technology

Purpose of Audit

The purpose of our audit was to evaluate the District’s internal controls over Information Technology for the period July 1, 2014 through January 14, 2016.

Background

The Greenville Central School District is located in the Town of Greenville in Greene County. The District, which operates two schools with approximately 1,200 students, is governed by an elected seven-member Board of Education. Budgeted appropriations for the 2015-16 fiscal year totaled approximately $28.7 million.

Key Findings

The District has not updated its acceptable use policy since September 2001.

The Board has not adopted a breach notification policy.

The District’s disaster recovery plan was not kept up to date, properly distributed or tested on a regular basis.

The District’s web filter permitted categories that did not appear to be for educational purposes.

Key Recommendations

Update the District’s acceptable use policy to include the use of personal devices on the

District’s network and acceptable use of District assets when used outside the District’s network.

Develop a policy for breach notification.

Ensure that the disaster recovery policy is periodically updated.

Adjust the web content filtering to ensure that staff and students are in compliance with the District’s acceptable use policy.

The text of the audit is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.osc.state.ny.us/localgov/audits/schools/2016/greenville.pdf 

LaFargeville Central School District– Financial Condition

Purpose of Audit

The purpose of our audit was to assess the District`s financial condition for the period July 1, 2014 through April 30, 2016.

Background

The LaFargeville Central School District is located in the Towns of Alexandria, Clayton, Le Ray, Orleans, Pamelia and Theresa in Jefferson County. The District, which operates one school with approximately 560 students, is governed by an elected five-member Board of Education. Budgeted appropriations for the 2015-16 fiscal year totaled approximately $11 million.

Key Findings

The Board and District officials overestimated appropriations when developing budgets for the three fiscal years 2012-13 through 2014-15.

District officials appropriated about $1 million of fund balance in each of the past three

fiscal years but the District experienced operating surpluses each year that averaged about $225,000 annually, and as a result, the District did not use any of the appropriated fund balance.

The Business Manager has developed a long-term planning model used when preparing the District’s annual budget but the Board has not officially adopted this or any other multiyear plan to address the District’s use of its excess fund balance.

Key Recommendations

Adopt budgets that represent the District’s actual needs, based on current information and historical data.

Discontinue the practice of adopting budgets that result in the appropriation of fund balance that will not be used.

Formulate a long-term multiyear capital and operational plan that addresses the use of excess unrestricted fund balance in the general fund in a manner that benefits District residents.

The text of the audit is posted on the Internet at:

www.osc.state.ny.us/localgov/audits/schools/2016/lafargeville.pdf