Teacher and principal evaluation system to be enacted into law

Teacher and principal evaluation system to be enacted into law 

Source: Office of the Governor

On March 14, 2012 Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Senate Majority Leader Skelos, and Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver announced an agreement on legislation to put the Governor's new groundbreaking teacher and principal evaluation system into law, firmly establishing New York as a national leader in school accountability.

The Governor’s office reported that the new evaluation system “will provide clear standards and significant guidance to local school districts for implementation of teacher evaluations based on multiple measures of performance including student achievement and rigorous classroom observations.”

According to the Governor's office, the key elements of the legislation include:

Teacher Performance – 60 points

Under the legislation, 60 percent of a teacher's evaluation will be based on rigorous and nationally recognized measures of teacher performance. The legislation requires that a majority of the teacher performance points will be based on classroom observations by an administrator or principal, and at least one observation will be unannounced. The remaining points will be based upon defined standards including observations by independent trained evaluators, peer classroom observations, student and parent feedback from evaluators, and evidence of performance through student portfolios.

Student Achievement in State and Local Assessments– 40 points

Under the legislation, 40 percent of a teacher's evaluation will be based on student academic achievement, with 20 percent from state testing and 20 percent from a list of three testing options including state tests, third party assessments/tests approved by the SED and locally developed tests that will be subject to SED review and approval. Under the plan, school districts will also have the option of using state tests to measure up to 40 percent of a teacher's rating.

Rating System

The legislation significantly tightens the scoring system to ensure student achievement and teacher performance are both properly taken into account for teacher ratings. Teachers or principals that are rated ineffective in the 40 points could not receive a developing score overall.
Highly Effective: 91 – 100
Effective: 75 – 90 

Developing: 65 – 74
Ineffective: 0 – 64

Point Allocation System for the Ratings

The legislation sets forth, for the first time, a standard for school districts and teacher unions to set the allocation of points for the teacher ratings. The points must be allocated in a manner that a teacher can receive one of the four ratings, and the SED Commissioner will be able to reject points that are unfairly allocated.

SED Commissioner Final Review

The legislation also, for the first time, gives the SED Commissioner the authority to approve or disapprove local evaluation plans that are deemed insufficient. This will add rigor to the process and ensure evaluation plans comply with the law.

New York City Expedited Appeals Process

The legislation also includes an expedited and streamlined appeals process for the New York City School District that becomes effective on January 17, 2013 if New York City and the UFT agree to an overall evaluation system.

Governor Cuomo announces adoption of a major pension reform plan

Governor Cuomo announces adoption of a major pension reform plan

Source: Office of the Governor

Contending that pension reform will save State and local governments, including New York City more than $80 billion over 30 years, New York Governor Andrew M. Cuomo announced the passage of a “Tier VI” pension reform plan that is expected to save state and local governments and New York City more than $80 billion over the next 30 years.


According to the Governor’s office, major elements in the legislation that creates this new pension plan include:

· New Employee Contribution Rates: Tier VI increases employee contribution rates in a progressive fashion to ensure lower paid state and local workers are not seriously affected. Employee contribution rates vary depending on salary:

o $0 - $45,000: 3%
o $45,000 - $55,000: 3.5%
o $55,000 - $75,000: 4.5%
o $75,000 - $100,000: 5.75%
o $100,000+: 6%

These rates remain substantially lower than the large majority of similar state systems around the country. The new tier impacts only newly hired employees. Existing employees and retirees retain all the benefits provided by their current Tier membership status.

· Increase of the Retirement Age: The pension reform includes an increase in the retirement age from 62 to 63 and includes provisions allowing early retirement with penalties. For each year of retirement prior to 63, employee pension allowances will be permanently reduced by 6.5%.

· Readjustment of Pension Multiplier: Under Tier VI, the new pension multiplier will be 1.75% for the first 20 years of service, and 2% starting in the 21st year. For an employee who works 30 years, their pension will be 55% of final average salary under Tier VI, instead of 60% under Tier V.

· Vesting: Under Tier VI, employees will vest after 10 years of service.

· Protect Local Governments From State Pension Sweeteners: The agreement requires the state to pre-fund any pension enhancers, ensuring that these costs are no longer passed to local governments.

· Adjustments to Final Average Salary Calculation to Help Reducing Pension Padding: The agreement changes the time period for final average salary calculation from 3 years to 5 years. To limit how much overtime can be used to determine an employee's pension, pensionable overtime for civilian and non-uniformed employees will be capped at $15,000 plus inflation, and for uniformed employees outside of New York City capped at 15% of base pay. Tier VI puts in place new anti-spiking measures which cap growth in salary used to determine pension allowances at 10% for all employees statewide. These reforms will take major steps toward addressing instances of abuse and pension padding. Tier VI also eliminates lump sum payments of unused sick and vacation time from the calculation of final average salary.

· Voluntary and Portable Defined Contribution Option: The legislation includes an optional defined contribution plan for new non-union employees with salaries $75,000 and above. In the modern economy, employees often change jobs multiple times and need pension portability. Many states, the federal government, and most private employers provide some form of defined contribution plans to their employees. The state will make an 8% contribution to employee contribution accounts. Currently, SUNY and CUNY offer such an option through TIAA-CREF that has been successful and popular. This is a voluntary option for those employees who prefer the portability and vesting feature not available with defined benefit options, and will help attract top talent to state government.

· Adjustments to SUNY/CUNY TIAA-CREF Plan: Under Tier VI, SUNY and CUNY employees who elect the TIAA-CREF plan will receive an employer contribution of 8% of salary for the first 7 years of service and 10% thereafter.

· Limiting Number of Sick and Leave Days that Can Increase Pensions: Tier VI reduces by half- from 200 to 100- the number of sick and leave days that can be used for retirement service credit.

· Salary Reform: Previous tiers allowed salaries from an unlimited amount of employers for calculating retirement benefits. Tier VI allows only two salaries for the calculation.

· Limiting Pension Benefit of High Paid Employees: For new higher paid employees, the amount earned above the Governor's salary (currently $179,000) will not be eligible for pension calculation under Tier VI. 

Employee’s petition seeking to annul the termination of his or her probationary employment dismissed as untimely

Employee’s petition seeking to annul the termination of his or her probationary employment dismissed as untimely

Zarinfar v Board of Educ. of the City School Dist. of the City of NY, 2012 NY Slip Op 01753, Appellate Division, First Department

Supreme Court denied Majid Zarinfar’s petition seeking a court order annulling the NYC Department of Education’s decision terminating his employment as a probationary teacher and directing the Department to reinstate him to his position with back pay and interest.

The Appellate Division affirmed Supreme Court’s dismissing Zarinfar’s petition as untimely, noting that it had not been brought within four months of the effective date of his termination.

The court, citing Frasier v Board of Educ. of City School Dist. of City of N.Y., 71 NY2d 763, also commented that “Even if the petition was timely, we would find that it was properly dismissed [as Zarinfar] has failed to establish that the termination, which was based on unsatisfactory ratings and his failure to make recommended improvements, was for "a constitutionally impermissible purpose, violative of a statute, or done in bad faith."

The decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.courts.state.ny.us/reporter/3dseries/2012/2012_01753.htm

New York Governor Cuomo announces agreements for the passage of an amendment to the Constitution and an enabling statutes to permanently reform the election redistricting process

New York Governor Cuomo announces agreements for the passage of an amendment to the Constitution and an enabling statute to permanently reform the election redistricting process

Source: Office of the Governor

On March 15, 2012 Governor Andrew M. Cuomo announced plans for the passage of a constitutional amendment and statutes that reforms the election redistricting process in New York State thereby "putting an end to the partisan and incumbent-protection Gerrymandering* that has plagued the process for over a century."


The Governor said that "This agreement will permanently reform the redistricting process in New York to once and for all end self-interested and partisan gerrymandering." The Legislature, Governor Cuomo reported, has agreed to pass “this historic constitutional amendment twice by a specified date, and passing a tough statute that mirrors the amendment” thus taking “a major step toward finally reforming the state's broken redistricting process.

The Office of the Governor reports that the agreement includes the following major components:


1. Constitutional Amendment: The Senate and the Assembly each agreed to introduce a resolution this session that will amend the state Constitution to establish a new redistricting process for both state legislative and congressional district lines. The separate statute discussed below requires the amendment to be passed a second time by both houses no later than January 30, 2013, at which point it will be placed on the ballot statewide for approval by the voters. The constitutional amendment will reform the redistricting process permanently beginning in the next cycle in 2020-22 as follows:

· The Independent Redistricting Commission. The constitutional amendment requires the appointment of an independent redistricting commission to draw the district lines, consisting of ten members: two appointees by each of the four legislative leaders and two appointees selected by at least five of those eight members. Neither of the latter two members shall have been enrolled members of either of the two major political parties in New York State in the last five years and at least one appointee made by either the assembly or senate minority leader must approve those two members. Accordingly, the commission's composition will ensure unprecedented and substantial roles in drawing the district lines for both the minority party conferences and for citizens who are not major party members.

The amendment further requires that the commission reflects "the diversity of the residents of this state with regard to race, ethnicity, gender, language, and geographic residence" and that the appointing authorities shall consult with organizations devoted to protecting the voting rights of minority and other voters concerning their appointments. The commission members must be registered voters in New York State, but shall not have been in the last three years (a) members of the state legislature or congress or a statewide official or the spouse of any of these elected officials, (b) a state officer or employee or legislative employee; (c) a registered lobbyist; or (d) a political party chairman. Together, these requirements will ensure that the commission's members are both independent, representative of the State's diverse communities, and sensitive to the critical importance to voters of fair and proper district lines.

· Commission Voting Rules to Ensure Independence and Curb Partisan Gerrymandering. To approve a districting plan, the independent redistricting commission requires the vote of at least seven of its ten members in support of the plan. If the speaker of the assembly and the temporary president of the senate are members of two different political parties, then the seven or more members who approve a plan must include at least one member appointed by the speaker of the assembly and one member appointed by the temporary president of the senate. If the speaker of the assembly and the temporary president of the senate are members of the same political party, then the seven or more members who approve a plan must include one member appointed by each of the four legislative leaders. This voting rule ensures that at least three members of the commission who were not appointed by the majority conferences in either house must approve a plan before it is sent to the legislature for a vote, a key barrier to partisan gerrymandering in the development of district maps.

· Commission Must Hold Extensive Public Hearings & Release Draft Plans with All Relevant Data Using Best Available Technology. To ensure greater transparency and public involvement, the amendment requires that the commission must hold numerous public hearings in specified cities and counties throughout the state and, prior to its first hearing, must make publicly available using the best available technology not only its draft plans but also all relevant data to facilitate public review and analysis of those plans, and the development of alternative plans. These provisions will create greater public transparency in the redistricting process and ensure that the commission's final districting plans reflect fully input from communities and individuals across the state.

· Iowa-Style Process for Legislature's Approval of Commission Plans Designed to Minimize Partisan Gerrymandering. After the commission's public hearings, the Legislature shall receive and approve or disapprove the commission's plans without amendment. If the commission's first plan is rejected, the commission must submit an amended plan, which must be voted upon by the legislature again without amendments. If the commission's second plan is also rejected upon such vote, each house may then amend that plan prior to approval except that such amendments must comply with the substantive principles set forth above and, pursuant to the statute being approved separately in conjunction with this resolution, cannot affect more than two percent of the population of any district in the commission's plan. This structure will provide strict restrictions on the legislature's changes to the commission's plans.

· Legislature's Voting Rules Designed to Protect Minority Conferences and Limit Gerrymandering. Special voting rules will govern each house's vote upon the independent redistricting commission's plans in order to protect the minority conferences in each house and ensure the integrity of the commission's plans by requiring approval by more than a majority of members under certain circumstances. If the Speaker of the Assembly and the Temporary President of the Senate are members of two different political parties, approval of a commission's redistricting plan shall require a vote in support of such approval by at least a majority of the members of each house. But if the Speaker and the Temporary President of the Senate are members of the same political party, then approval of a commission's redistricting plan shall require a vote in support of such approval by at least two-thirds of the members of each house. This rule will prevent in future decades the kind of one-party gerrymandering to suppress the minority party in a state that has plagued other states, like Texas, in the past.

· Substantive Criteria to Prohibit Partisan Gerrymandering and to Protect Minority Voting Rights and Communities of Interest. The commission's redistricting plans must be drawn according to principles that provide unprecedented restrictions on partisan gerrymandering, and new protections for the voting rights of racial and language minorities, and for existing communities of interest. In particular, the commission must consider whether district lines would result in the denial or abridgment of racial or language minority voting rights, no districts shall be drawn to have the purpose of, or result in, such denial or abridgement, and districts shall be drawn so that racial or language minority groups do not have less opportunity to participate in the political process than other members of the electorate and to elect representatives of their choice; districts shall not be drawn to discourage competition or for the purpose of favoring or disfavoring incumbents or other particular candidates or political parties; for the first time in the constitution, communities of interest must be considered in drawing district lines; districts shall contain as nearly as may be an equal number of inhabitants and any deviation in a district must be explained specifically by the commission; and districts shall be contiguous and as compact in form as practicable.

Together, these principles will provide for the first time strong and explicit restrictions on partisan gerrymandering, and protections in the constitution for minority communities beyond those contained in the federal Voting Rights Act which is facing increasing legal attacks in the courts.

· Judicial Review Provisions To Enforce Compliance With Independent Redistricting Process & Adherence to Substantive Principles. If the courts are called upon to review the district lines, this amendment requires that the court find such lines to be invalid in whole or in part if they are not in compliance with the procedural or substantive provisions of this article. Together with the other protections noted above, this provision will help to ensure that the district lines that are ultimately adopted reflect the independence, concern for minority voting rights, and attention to equal representation that the commission must provide.

2. Statute: The Senate and the Assembly each agreed to introduce a statute to be approved by both houses that mirrors the constitutional amendment in all respects except for two additional elements. As set forth in greater detail in the statute's effective date provisions, the statute is intended to ensure that, if the constitutional amendment is not passed for the second time in 2013 notwithstanding the public commitments by the two houses to do so, the statute will become effective and the redistricting process will be reformed by statute just as it would have been by constitutional amendment. These provisions further provide that if either house fails to pass the constitutional amendment a second time before January 30, 2013, then that house shall lose its appointments to the independent redistricting commission established by the statute and the governor will instead appoint those members. This provides a significant incentive for the legislature to honor their statutory commitment to pass the constitutional amendment a second time.


In addition, the statute further includes a restriction on any amendments made by the legislature to a districting plan submitted by the commission such that no amendment may affect more than two percent of the population of any district in such plan. This will ensure that the legislature's amendments may tweak, but cannot fundamentally alter the commission's district lines. It also provides more specific deadlines for each step of the redistricting process that are most appropriately placed in a statute rather than in the constitution. Critically, these additional provisions will be effective if the voters approve the constitutional amendment or if the statute instead becomes effective.

* Gerrymandering describes the effort to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating geographic boundaries to create partisan or incumbent-protected districts. The practice was named after Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry who, in 1812, signed a bill that rearranged Senate district lines to provide Jeffersonian Republicans with an advantage in the then upcoming Senatorial elections. 

Loss of employment by operation of law does not constitute an “adverse employment action” within the meaning of civil rights laws

Loss of employment by operation of law does not constitute an “adverse employment action” within the meaning of civil rights laws

Brown v. City of Syracuse, USCA, Second Circuit, Docket No. 10-0529-cv

Curtis Brown, an African-American former City of Syracuse police officer, was suspended with pay pending investigation of an incident and ultimately suspended without pay and terminated. *

Brown filed a civil rights complaint, contending that the City of Syracuse unlawfully discriminated against by treating him more severely than white officers who committed acts of an equal or more serious nature. 

The Circuit Court of Appeals, noting that Brown had subsequent guilty plea to certain criminal charge, ruled that he could not prove an “adverse employment action” for any of the measures taken by by the City after his guilty plea as his plea of guilty resulted in his automatic termination in accordance with New York Public Officers Law §30(1)(e).**.

Further, as a matter of law, the court ruled that Brown’s suspension with pay pending the investigation did not, under the circumstances, amount to an adverse employment action.

Citing Joseph v. Leavitt, 465 F.3d 87at 91, the Circuit Court explained that “administrative leave with pay during the pendency of an investigation does not, without more, constitute an adverse employment action” as “an employee does not suffer a materially adverse change in the terms and conditions of employment where the employer merely enforces its preexisting disciplinary policies in a reasonable manner.”***

Brown also claimed discrimination because he was deprived of “professional courtesy” that police sometimes extend to their fellow officers.

The Circuit Court disagreed, holding that his claim “fails under the rationale of Diesel v. Town of Lewisboro, 232 F.3d 92 (2d Cir. 2000), which held that a police officer was not entitled to the ‘professional courtesy’ of having his fellow police officers look the other way or otherwise work on his behalf to mitigate criminal charges.”

The Court of Appeals, after considering Brown’s other arguments, found them without merit and affirmed the District Court’s granting the City of Syracuse’s motion for summary judgment.

* On December 7, 2005, a disciplinary arbitrator reviewed Brown’s termination and found “just cause” existed to terminate Brown effective July 5, 2000.

** Public Officers Law §30(1)(e) provides that a public office becomes vacant upon the incumbent’s conviction of “a crime involving a violation of his oath of office" and a plea of guilty is deemed a conviction. Police officers are “public officers” with in the meaning of §30(1)(e).

*** N.B. The court, however, cautioned that it has “noted that our rule is not an absolute one, and that a suspension with pay may, in some circumstances, rise to the level of an adverse employment action.”

The decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/d7c9b26b-cefe-4365-9338-fef7922cb934/2/doc/10-529_opn.pdf#xml=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/d7c9b26b-cefe-4365-9338-fef7922cb934/2/hilite/