Court dismissed employee's petition seeking reinstatement to her former employment in the absence of her showing "irreparable harm"

A former New York State Police officer [Plaintiff] sued her former employer, the Division of State Police [DSP] and certain named DSP employees, alleging employment discrimination and retaliation, contending that "she was sexually harassed and fired based on falsified disciplinary charges when she complained about the harassment, and that the NYSP failed to properly follow its procedures for disciplinary hearings."

In 2019, four months after learning that DSP had failed to follow its procedures, Plaintiff moved, pro se,* for a preliminary injunction seeking reinstatement to her former position. The District Court denied the injunction because Plaintiff had not shown irreparable harm and her delay in filing her motion undermined any argument that she would suffer irreparable harm. Plaintiff the appealed the District Court's ruling.

The United States Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, citing Rodriguez ex rel. Rodriguez v. DeBuono, 175 F.3d 227, affirmed the lower court's ruling, explaining that to show irreparable harm, “[t]he movant must demonstrate an injury that is neither remote nor speculative, but actual and imminent and that cannot be remedied by an award of monetary damages.” Further, opined the court, irreparable harm exists “where, but for the grant of equitable relief, there is a substantial chance that upon final resolution of the action the parties cannot be returned to the positions they previously occupied.”

The Second Circuit explained that the District Court had applied the correct legal standard, noting that “... because monetary injury can be estimated and compensated, the likelihood of such injury usually does not constitute irreparable harm." However, opined the Circuit Court, the irreparable-harm requirement might be satisfied "if a monetary award would cause the movant to go bankrupt absent interim relief."**

Further, said the court, “irreparable harm is not [generally] established in employee discharge cases by financial distress or inability to find other employment, unless truly extraordinary circumstances are shown"  citing Holt v. Continental Grp., Inc., 708 F.2d 87.

* The term used to describe an individual representing himself in judical or quasi judicial proceeding.

** See Miss America Organization v. Mattel, Inc., 945 F.2d 536.

The decision is posted on the Internet at:

https://casetext.com/case/oliver-v-ny-state-police-6

Processing Freedom of Information Law requests where the materials sought are exempt from disclosure pursuant to state statute

An individual [Plaintiff] submitted a Freedom of Information Law* request  seeking photographs and a copy of medical records held by the District Attorney in connection with Plaintiff's earlier conviction of a crime after a jury trial. 

The District Attorney denied the request and Plaintiff commenced this CPLR Article 78 proceeding seeking a court order compelling the District Attorney to provide the records Plaintiff demanded. Supreme Court denied Plaintiff's petition and Plaintiff appealed.

Citing Karlin v McMahon, 96 NY2d 842, and Public Officers Law §87[2], the Appellate Division affirmed the Supreme Court's ruling, noting that "All government records are presumptively open for public inspection unless specifically exempt from disclosure" by state or federal statute.

In this instance, explained the court, and contrary to Plaintiff's contention, the materials Plaintiff requested are exempt from disclosure pursuant to Civil Rights Law §50-b (1), which provides, in pertinent part, that "[n]o report, paper, picture, photograph, court file or other documents, in the custody or possession of any public officer or employee, which identifies ... a victim [of a sex offense defined by Penal Law Article 130] shall be made available for public inspection."

As such medical records are exempt from disclosure pursuant to state statute, the court concluded that the District Attorney was not obligated to provide the records, even in redacted form, even if such redaction might remove all details which tend to identify the victim.

The Appellate Division then opined that this exemption applies notwithstanding  Plaintiff's argument that he requires this material to support his application for "postconviction relief." 

* Public Officers Law Article 6.

The decision is posted on the Internet at: 
http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2020/2020_04078.htm

New York State Governor Andrew M. Cuomo announces recent administration appointments

On August 7, 2020, Governor Andrew M. Cuomo today announced the following new appointments to his administration:

 
Peter Ajemian has been promoted to Communications Director. He previously held the role of Senior Deputy Communications Director since November 2018, and prior to that was Deputy Communications Director for Transportation. Prior to joining the Governor's Office, he served as Chief of Staff to State Senator Brad Hoylman. He has also served as spokesman on a successful state attorney general campaign and as Senior Vice President at the consulting firm Marathon Strategies, where he worked on four successful state ballot initiatives legalizing same-sex marriage in Washington, Maine, Maryland and Minnesota. He is a graduate of Boston University and The New School. 

Mr. Ajemian succeeds Dani Lever, who joined the Governor's administration in 2014 as First Deputy Press Secretary. She subsequently served as Press Secretary before being promoted to Communications Director. Ms. Lever is joining Facebook's Strategic Response Communications team. The Governor acknowledged Ms. Lever's service on "Team Cuomo", thanking her "for her extraordinary work on behalf of the people of New York State", stating that "Her dedication to public service and expertise were invaluable and her work has left a lasting impact on millions of New Yorkers. She will be greatly missed and all of Team Cuomo wishes her the best on this new, exciting chapter."

 
Stephen B. Silverman has been appointed Senior Communications Advisor. Most recently, as an independent consultant, Steve advised the Clinton Foundation on communicating the record of President Clinton and his administration and helped create a successful alumni engagement platform. He has worked with the Afya Foundation to raise public awareness for its humanitarian relief work by executing effective external outreach to key stakeholders. He served as a strategic advisor on the Political team of Bloomberg 2020, focused on optimizing the campaign's national co-chairs policy engagement and public advocacy. Previously, Mr. Silverman served as Vice President and Change Management Executive and before that as Vice President and Chief of Staff to the CIO at the Federal Reserve Bank. Mr. Silverman led corporate communications globally for Citigroup's consumer businesses from 1993-1998, Mr. Silverman served as the Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Cabinet Secretary in the White House under President Clinton where he developed and executed communications programs to amplify the President's core messages through Cabinet and Sub-Cabinet public engagement. He also was a leader of the administration's disaster response efforts and played key roles in organizing public events, including the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, the President's Summit for America's Future, official United States participation in the funeral of President Yitzhak Rabin and a flood summit of the President and mid-western governors in response to the flooding of the Mississippi River. Mr. Silverman holds a Juris Doctorate from Northwestern University and a Bachelor's degree from Cornell University.

 
Marquita Sanders has been appointed Assistant Secretary for Scheduling and Operations. Much of her work was within the Obama-Biden Administration working on the Affordable Care Act as an Associate Director in External Affairs in the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs and Senior Advisor for Health Programs at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. She comes to New York after her role as National Director of Scheduling and Advance for Senator Cory Booker's Presidential Campaign. Sanders has a decade of experience working on political races across the country, as well as the 2013 Inaugural Committee, the 2012 Democratic Convention.  Sanders holds a Bachelor of Science in Criminology and Criminal justice from Florida State University.

 
Richard Becker MD, has been appointed Deputy Secretary for Health and Human Services. Dr. Becker was previously a Senior Managing Director at ToneyKorf Partners, a strategic advisory and interim management firm with a focus on complex or distressed healthcare situations. Prior to joining ToneyKorf Partners, Richard led the clinical, operational and financial turnaround of The Brooklyn Hospital Center, a 464-bed safety net teaching hospital in Brooklyn, New York, where, as President and CEO, he re-established the medical center's commitment to clinical and academic excellence, as well as its reputation in the New York region, while developing a strong healthcare network involving physicians and community-based institutions. Richard previously served as CEO and Medical Director of the George Washington University Hospital in Washington, DC, where he is also credited with leading a comprehensive clinical and financial turnaround. During his tenure at the George Washington University Medical Center, Richard was an Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine with active roles in patient care, research and education. His recent experience involves providing strategic advisory and diligence services to assist mission-based healthcare organizations with sustainable transformation through a variety of partnership structures. Richard holds a BA from the University of Virginia College of Arts and Sciences, an MD from the University of Virginia School of Medicine, and an MBA from The George Washington University School of Business.

 
Jennifer Rentas has been appointed Assistant Secretary for Health and Human Services. She previously served in multiple roles since 2012 at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), most recently as Senior Vice President and Chief of Staff. Following the height of the COVID-19 crisis she led HSS' "Return to new Normal" efforts including evaluation of clinical practices and policies, modifications to patient care operations, organization-wide communications, and preparations for potential resurgence, to ensure the safety of patients, staff and the community. Prior to HSS, she was a Senior Policy Analyst for the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, and worked at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and Saint Barnabas Medical Center. Ms. Rentas received a Bachelor's degree, Masters of Public Policy and Masters of Business Administration from Harvard University.

 
Julissa Gutierrez has been appointed Chief Diversity Officer. Previously, Ms. Gutierrez held the role of Deputy Director of Constituency Affairs for the Governor. Prior to that, Ms. Gutierrez had served in a number of roles at the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) Educational Fund, including as Director of National Programs and Community Relations and Northeast Director for Civic Engagement. She was Special Assistant to the Commissioner of the New York City Department of Youth and Community Development and has had a long relationship with the Anti-Defamation League, having held various positions and participated in programs there since she was in high school. Ms. Gutierrez is Board Chair of New Immigrants Community Empowerment and a Board of Trustees for the Queens Public Library. Ms. Gutierrez has a B.A. from the University of Delaware and a M.A. from University of Chicago.

 
Laura Montross has been appointed Deputy Communications Director for Policy and Issue Advocacy. Ms. Montross most recently served as Director of Women's Outreach on Mike Bloomberg's 2020 presidential campaign and previously as a Principal at Kivvit, a New York public affairs and communications firm. Prior to that, Ms. Montross was a twice-awarded post-graduate grant recipient of the Spanish Ministry of Education in Madrid. Ms. Montross holds a Bachelor's degree in Metropolitan Studies from New York University.

School district and local government audits issued by New York State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli

On August 8, 2020 New York State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli announced the following school district and local government audits were issued.

Click on the text highlighted in color to access the full report.

School Districts

East Ramapo Central School District – Textbooks Loaned to Nonpublic School Students (Rockland County) 

The district did not have adequate systems in place to verify that textbooks purchased for and loaned to nonpublic schools were only provided to eligible students. Auditors reviewed 300 nonpublic school student records and found that 114 students were provided with textbooks even though the district's records did not support the students' eligibility to receive textbooks.  In addition, the district did not have systems in place to account for textbooks purchased for and loaned to nonpublic school students and cannot account for all textbooks purchased and loaned to those students.

Genesee Community Charter School – Non-Payroll Disbursements (Monroe County) 

The board did not adopt or enforce adequate disbursement policies. Of 1,317 disbursements reviewed by auditors, 207 check disbursements (totaling $176,847) and 274 debit and credit card transactions (totaling $84,672) did not have adequate supporting documentation. The school did not have written agreements with six service providers that were paid $43,144. The school had inadequate agreements with nine providers that were paid $267,432 and they did not monitor for contract compliance, which resulted in apparent overpayments of $2,180.

Local Governments

Town of Knox – Town Clerk (Albany County) 

The Clerk did not record, deposit or disburse all money timely and accurately. Auditors determined, the clerk did not deposit 367 collections totaling $22,586 (46 percent) within the required time frames.

The clerk also did not report and remit collections timely and accurately. Collections were reported and remitted late to the supervisor for 21 months of the 24 months auditors examined. In addition, the clerk did not prepare accountability analyses. As of December 31, 2019 the clerk's bank account held an unremitted cash balance of $3,161.

Town of North Collins – Recreation Department Cash Receipts (Erie County) 

The Department’s cash receipts were not always collected, recorded or deposited timely. The Board did not adopt written cash receipts policies and officials did not properly segregate cash receipts duties or oversee the cash receipts function. Auditors found eight summer recreation registrants did not pay program fees that ranged from $80 to $130 per person totaling $640 to $1,040. In addition, the co-director’s child attended the after-school, soccer and summer recreation programs for free, without full board consent. Sufficient program documentation was not maintained which precludes the Department and auditors from confirming all funds collected were recorded and deposited in a timely and accurate manner.

City of North Tonawanda - Financial Condition (Niagara County)

The Mayor and Council did not adopt structurally balanced budgets, properly monitor the city’s financial operations or take appropriate actions to maintain the city’s fiscal stability. The general and sewer funds experienced operating deficits from 2017 through 2019. Despite the city’s deteriorating financial condition, officials did not establish a fund balance policy, multiyear financial plan or capital plan. The Mayor’s and City Council’s budgeting practices and poor financial management have left the city in a vulnerable financial position.

Addressing claims to a benefit set out in a collective bargaining agreement based on a scrivener's error corrected by the parties to a collective bargaining agreement

The individuals [Plaintiffs] in this action were formerly employed by the School District [District]. Plaintiffs were in a collective bargaining unit. Their Taylor Law representative [Association] had entered into a collective bargaining agreement [CBA] with the District that provided, among other things, that employees in the collective bargaining unit with 10 or more years of service upon retirement would be provided a "terminal leave allowance" calculated at the employee per diem salary at the time of separation "x ½ the number of accrued sick leave days" [emphasis supplied].

A successive CBA contained this same provision. A still later successor CBA, negotiated for the period July 1, 2006 through and including June 30, 2009, however, stated that "terminal leave allowance" would be calculated at "x 2 the number of accrued sick leave days" [emphasis supplied]." This same language, "x 2 the number of accrued sick leave days" [emphasis supplied], was used in the 2009-2013 CBA negotiated by the parties.

By letter dated February 29, 2012, the District advised the then president of the Association  that the then operative CBA contained a "misprint" in its "terminal leave allowance" provision and that the "terminal leave allowance" was to be calculated at "x ½ the number of accrued sick leave days." The President agreed and signed a copy of the letter in her capacity as President of the Association and a copy of the letter was provided to the Plaintiffs before they retired, respectively, in April and June 2012.

Plaintiffs commenced this action to recover damages from the District for breach of contract based upon the District's determination that the Plaintiffs' "terminal leave allowance" would be calculated at "x ½" the number" of their accrued sick leave days rather than "x 2" the number of their accumulated sick leave credits.

In support of its motion for summary judgment the District submitted the affidavits of two former presidents of the Association averring that the Association never negotiated for the "x 2" provision and that no Association members who retired under either the 2006-2009 CBA or the 2009-2013 CBA, including one of the former presidents herself, received payout for sick leave at a rate of "x 2" their accrued sick leave credits.

Plaintiffs submitted a cross-motion seeking summary judgment on the issue of liability on their breach of contract cause of action against the District.

Supreme Court denied the District's motion and granted that Plaintiffs' cross-motion. A judgment was entered that provided for damages in the principal sum of $243,158.27 for the alleged breach of contract. District appealed the Supreme Court's judgment.

The Appellate Division reversed the Supreme Court's decision, "on the law," with respect to Plaintiffs' cross motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability on their cause of action to recover damages for breach of contract asserted against Defendant and modified Supreme Court's order accordingly.

The court explained that contrary to the Supreme Court's determination, Plaintiffs were not entitled to judgment as a matter of law on their breach of contract cause of action insofar as asserted against the District, as Plaintiffs failed to eliminate triable issues of fact regarding whether the provision for calculating the "terminal leave allowance" at "x 2 the number of accrued sick leave days" was a scrivener's error* that was corrected by the parties to the CBA prior to the Plaintiffs' effective dates of retirement in April and June 2012..

Further, said the Appellate Division, "[i]n light of these triable issues of fact," neither was the District entitled to summary judgment dismissing the cause of action for breach of contract claim asserted against it by Plaintiffs.

The Appellate Division's decision also addressed two procedural issues, holding

[1] The District had waived its contention that Plaintiffs lacked standing to maintain this action by failing to assert that defense in its answer or in a pre-answer motion to dismiss the action; and

[2] The District's contention the Plaintiffs failed to exhaust their administrative remedies, raised for the first time on appeal, was not properly before this Court.

* Courts may correct drafting mistakes or errors, typically referred to as “scrivener's errors,” if the error is clear. In contrast to challenging a provision in a collective bargaining agreement alleging a scrivener's error or an engrossing error, Matter of the Arbitration between City of Plattsburgh and Plattsburgh Police Officers Union AFSCME Local 82, 250 AD2d 327, addresses a situation in which the employer drafted the collective bargaining agreement and later contended it had erroneously included a particular employee benefit advanced by the employee organization in the course of collective negotiations in the collective bargaining agreement but to which it had not agreed to provide after a member of the collective bargaining unit applied for that benefit and grieved its being denied by the employer. Ultimately submitted to arbitration, the arbitrator ruled in favor of the employee. For NYPPL's summary of Plattsburgh go to: https://publicpersonnellaw.blogspot.com/2010/11/claim-of-mistake-does-not-permit-party.html

The decision in the instant appeal is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.nycourts.gov/reporter/3dseries/2020/2020_04388.htm