In an appeal to the Commissioner of Education the aggrieved party has the burden of demonstrating a clear legal right to the relief he or she is seeking

In an appeal to the Commissioner of Education the aggrieved party has the burden of demonstrating a clear legal right to the relief he or she is seeking

Nicholas Washburn v Ellenville Central School District, Decisions of the Commissioner of Education, Decision #16,368

Nicholas Washburn challenged the termination of his probationary appointment and his denial of tenure by the Ellenville Central School District Board of Education at the end of the third year of his probationary appointment as a physical education teacher.

In response to the superintendent writing to Washburn informing him that she would recommend termination of his services as a probationary teacher effective July 22, 201 at a board to be held on June 22, 2010, Washburn requested “a written statement of the reasons for the superintendent’s negative recommendation.”

The superintendent replied to Washburn indicating that her recommendation was based on his failure to follow certain directives and practices and set forth a number of examples of such omissions.

When the Board terminated Washburn’s probationary appointment effective July 22, 2010, he appealed the Board's decision to the Commissioner of Education.

In his appeal Washburn contended that the reasons for his termination and denial of tenure were “false and pretextual” and asked the Commissioner to annul the Board’s action and to grant him tenure retroactive to June 22, 2010.

The Board, in rebuttal, argued that [1] Washburn failed to state any procedural violation of Education Law §3031 with respect its terminating his probationary appointment and [2] that he did not established any basis for granting him tenure retroactively. The Board also claimed that Washburn had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies under the relevant collective bargaining agreement.

As to the Board’s “affirmative defense” that Washburn failed to exhaust his administrative remedy under the collective bargaining agreement, the Commissioner said that “other than this conclusory allegation,” the Board neither supplied any facts nor made any reference to any “applicable provisions of the agreement.”  Accordingly, the Commissioner ruled that the Board had not established this defense. 

Turning to the merits of Washburn’s appeal, the Commissioner observed that “generally, a board of education has the unfettered right to terminate a probationary teacher or administrator’s employment for any reason, unless the employee establishes that he or she was terminated for a constitutionally impermissible reason or in violation of a statutory proscription or decisional law.” Further, said the Commissioner, the aggrieved party “has the burden of demonstrating a clear legal right to the relief requested and the burden of establishing the facts upon which [he or she] seeks relief.”

Although Washburn alleged that the Board’s decision to terminate his probationary employment and deny him tenure violated his right to due process, the Commissioner said that he failed to allege any procedural violation of Education Law §3031 or any other applicable statute.  Further, said the Commissioner, the record indicated that the Board complied "in all respects with the statutory procedural requirements for terminating a probationary employee and denying a probationer tenure."  

Nor, said the Commissioner, did Washburn establish that he was terminated for a constitutionally impermissible reason or in violation of statute.

Having failed to articulate a clear legal right to the relief requested, the Commissioner ruled that Washburn failed to meet his burden and dismissed his appeal.

The decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.counsel.nysed.gov/Decisions/volume52/d16368.html

An employer may, but is not required to, create a new job or create a light-duty version of the disabled employee’s current job in order to provide a reasonable accommodation

An employer may, but is not required to, create a new job or create a light-duty version of the disabled employee’s current job in order to provide a reasonable accommodation
Jacobsen v New York City Health & Hosps. Corp., 2012 NY Slip Op 05478, Appellate Division, First Department

William Jacobsen alleged that he was wrongfully terminated from his position because of a disability in violation of the New York State Human Rights Law (Executive Law §296[1][a]) and the New York City Human Rights Law (Administrative Code of City of NY §8-107[1][a]).

Diagnosed with pneumoconiosis, an occupational lung disease, Jacobsen requested, and was granted, a medical leave of absence. Subsequently Jacobsen’s physician cleared to return to work on January 3, 2006, but directed that he not be present at any construction site. HHC sent a letter to Jacobsen’s physician setting out his duties and explaining that he is required to spend approximately 75% of his time in the field monitoring construction sites. Jacobsen’s union representative then asked HHC to let him return to work with an accommodation of being assigned work "that he is capable of doing in the office." In addition, Jacobsen provided another letter from his physician stating that he was medically cleared to work in the field.

Ultimately HHC told Jacobsen that he would be placed on unpaid medical leave for six months and his job would be left open in the event that his condition improved, indicating that his union’s proposed accommodation, relocation to the central office, was not feasible because the duties of his position required that he visit facilities that have ongoing construction. Jacobsen’s physician then advised HHC that Jacobsen “could never be medically cleared to perform the essential functions of his current duties because he should not be further exposed to any type of environmental dust.”

HHC terminated Jacobsen at the end of his six-month leave of absence, whereupon he commenced an action for wrongful termination because of a disability.

To state a prima facie case of employment discrimination due to a disability, a plaintiff must demonstrate that he or she suffered from a disability and that the disability caused the behavior for which he or she was terminated (Matter of McEniry v Landi, 84 NY2d 554). Once a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case, the burden shifts to the employer, here HHC, to show that the disability prevented Jacobsen "from performing the duties of the job in a reasonable manner or that the employee's termination was motivated by a legitimate nondiscriminatory reason".

The Appellate Division concluded that HHC met its burden by establishing that at the time of termination, Jacobsen was unable to perform the duties of his job because of his lung condition and that no reasonable accommodation was available.

Under the Executive Law §292 [21-e], a "reasonable accommodation" is defined as "actions taken by [an] employer which permit an employee . . . with a disability to perform in a reasonable manner the activities involved in the job or occupation sought or held . . . provided, however, that such actions do not impose an undue hardship on the business." Similarly, the City's Human Rights Law provides that an employer "shall make reasonable accommodation to enable a person with a disability to satisfy the essential requisites of a job" (Administrative Code §8-107 [15][a]).

However, said the court, "an employer is not required to find another job for the employee, create a new job, or create a light-duty version of the current job."

Under both New York's Executive Law and the City's Administrative Code, an employer is required to perform an individual assessment of an employee prior to terminating him or her. In this instance it was only after Jacobsen's doctor and Jacobsen himself confirmed that he could no longer work at construction sites that HHC terminated him from his position.

Accordingly, the Appellate Division affirmed Supreme Court’s order granting HHC’s motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.

The decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.courts.state.ny.us/reporter/3dseries/2012/2012_05478.htm

Terminated employee’s actions that did not constitute misconduct but was an error of judgment does not disqualify the individual for unemployment insurance benefits

Terminated employee’s actions that did not constitute misconduct but was an error of judgment does not disqualify the individual for unemployment insurance benefits

Jackson (County of Nassau Civ. Serv. Commn.--Commissioner of Labor), 2012 NY Slip Op 05372, Appellate Division, Third Department

A correction officer at the Nassau County Correctional Facility began a “personal relationship with a man who was later incarcerated at that facility.” She continued to have a personal relationship with this individual following his incarceration and communicated with him on her cell phone in contravention of the facility’s policy prohibiting corrections personnel from fraternizing with inmates.

Ultimately the correction officer was terminated from her position and she was later disqualified from receiving unemployment insurance benefits on the ground that her employment was terminated due to misconduct.

The Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board, however, reversed this decision and ruled that correction officer was entitled to receive benefits because her activities did not constitute misconduct, but rather an error of judgment.

The Appellate Division sustained the Board’s ruling.

Rejecting the facility’s appeal, the court explained that the question of whether an applicant for unemployment insurance benefits had engaged in disqualifying misconduct is a factual issue for the Board to resolve and “its determination will not be disturbed if supported by substantial evidence.”

Notably, said the court, "not every mistake, exercise of poor judgment or discharge for cause will rise to the level of misconduct." Although the correction officer’s making the phone calls violated the employer's policy prohibiting corrections personnel from having personal conversations with inmates, she had testified that she was unaware of this policy.

The court, “based upon the limited record” before it, concluded that substantial evidence supported the Board's finding that correction officer's actions, “albeit inappropriate, did not rise to the level of misconduct disqualifying her from receiving unemployment insurance benefits.”

The decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.courts.state.ny.us/reporter/slipidx/aidxtable_3.shtml

New York City Civil Service Commission’s determination that an applicant is qualified for the position sought affirmed

New York City Civil Service Commission’s determination that an applicant is qualified for the position sought affirmed

In the Application of The City of New York and Martha K. Hirst, As Commissioner of the New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services, 2008 NY Slip Op 32509(U), Supreme Court, New York County, Docket Number: 0400925/2008, Judge: Lewis Bart Stone [Not selected for publication in the Official Reports]

In this action, New York City’s Department of Citywide Administrative Services [Administrative Services] as the court to review the City Civil Service Commission’s [CSC] decision that an applicant for the position of Assistant Engineer was qualified for appointment to this title.

The applicant had been educated in Minsk, Belarus and had completed a combined undergraduate curriculum for the degree of Specialist in Civil Engineering with a specialization in Water Supply and Sewage Systems in 1974. Administrative Services had rejected her application on the grounds that she was not qualified for the position because she did not meet the qualifications set out in the Examination Announcement.

CSC held an “evidentiary hearing” an ultimately determined that the applicant was qualified for the position, ruling that the course work completed by the applicant is equivalent to the curriculum outlined for a baccalaureate degree in Environmental Engineering at the State University of New York at Buffalo and the curriculum outlined by Manhattan College for a Master’s Degree in Environmental Engineering.

Administrative Services appealed, contending that CSC had “acted arbitrarily and capriciously and abused its discretion” in qualifying the applicant for the position.

Justice Stone said that the hearing record shows that Administrative Services “relied on a consultant’s evaluation” of the applicant’s educational transcript to find a lack of equivalency, and that CSC made its own factual evaluation of equivalency based on the applicant’s transcript in light of curricula in New York colleges.

The problem of equivalency, CSC noted, is that engineering disciplines overlap. Accordingly, said the court, inquiry into the meaning of the applicant’s educational courses and relating their equivalency to modern environmental curricula is hardly arbitrary, capricious or an abuse of discretion in this context.

Justice Stone dismissed Administrative Service’s appeal, ruling “Whether this Court would have made the same decision on the facts as [the Commission] did is not relevant. What is relevant is that [the Commission] made an inquiry and reviewed the material submitted to it and made its Decision on the facts of equivalency, a determination that is neither arbitrary, capricious or ai1 abuse of discretion.

The full text of the decision is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.courts.state.ny.us/reporter/pdfs/2008/2008_32509.pdf

Conflicts of Interest

Conflicts of Interest

Opinion of the Office of the State Comptroller, #2008-1; #2008-2

In response to an inquiry concerning gifts to school district, the Office of the State Comptroller advised:

A school board member would not have a prohibited conflict of interest under article 18 of the General Municipal Law if he or she also served as a trustee on the board of trustees of a not-for-profit foundation that raises money and makes gifts to the school district. The school board member, however, should not participate in school board discussions or decisions relating to gifts from, or other matters involving, the not-for-profit foundation for which the board member serves as a trustee and, assuming disclosure is not otherwise required by General Municipal Law § 803, should disclose his or her relationship with the not-for-profit entity. [Opinions of the Office of the State Comptroller 2008-1]

The full text of the opinion 2008-1is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.osc.state.ny.us/legal/2008/op2008.1.htm

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In response to an inquiry concerning contracts entered into prior to an individual’s commencing municipal service, the Office of the Comptroller advised:

A newly elected town board member has an interest in a contract between the town and the board member, as a sole proprietor, under which the board member picks up road salt and delivers the salt to a town storage facility.

If the contract was entered to before the board member was elected to office, the exception in General Municipal Law §802 (1) (h) applies and the interest is not prohibited. The board member would be required, however, to disclose the interest in accordance with General Municipal Law §803. In addition, the board member would have a prohibited interest in renewals of the existing contract, or in subsequent contracts between the town and himself or herself as sole proprietor unless another exception in General Municipal Law §802 were to apply. The town should consult its code of ethics to determine whether it contains any pertinent provisions. Even if not required by the town's code of ethics, the board member should not participate in town board discussions or decisions relating to the hauling contract, including but not limited to, discussions or decisions pertaining to auditing claims under the contract. [Opinions of the Office of the State Comptroller 2008-2]

The full text of the opinion 2008-2 is posted on the Internet at:

http://www.osc.state.ny.us/legal/2008/op2008.2.htm

N.B. These opinions represent the views of the Office of the State Comptroller at the time it was rendered. These opinions may no longer represent those views if, among other things, there have been subsequent court cases or statutory amendments that bear on the issues discussed in these opinions.